Pelvic peritoneal endometriosis is linked to the endometrial inflammatory profile: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Pelvic endometriosis is an estrogen-driven inflammatory syndrome of unknown origin that alters the peritoneal microenvironment and likely impairs endometrial receptivity, adversely affecting fertility. Chronic endometritis (CE) may be a potential contributing factor to reduced en...

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Main Authors: Iwona Gawron, Kamil Derbisz, Robert Jach, Dominika Trojnarska, Katarzyna Milian-Ciesielska, Milosz Pietrus
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Women's Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03632-3
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author Iwona Gawron
Kamil Derbisz
Robert Jach
Dominika Trojnarska
Katarzyna Milian-Ciesielska
Milosz Pietrus
author_facet Iwona Gawron
Kamil Derbisz
Robert Jach
Dominika Trojnarska
Katarzyna Milian-Ciesielska
Milosz Pietrus
author_sort Iwona Gawron
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Pelvic endometriosis is an estrogen-driven inflammatory syndrome of unknown origin that alters the peritoneal microenvironment and likely impairs endometrial receptivity, adversely affecting fertility. Chronic endometritis (CE) may be a potential contributing factor to reduced endometrial receptivity in endometriosis. The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between pelvic endometriosis and CE. Methods The study included women undergoing laparoscopy for suspected pelvic endometriosis, and each underwent endometrial aspiration biopsy for CE. The stage of endometriosis was assessed intraoperatively, and CE activity was evaluated histopathologically and immunohistochemically. The associations between selected clinical characteristics of the disease and the density of endometrial plasma cells, immunohistochemical status, and histopathological profile of the endometrium were analyzed. Results Stage III endometriosis reduced the risk of the inflammatory immunohistochemical profile by 80% (OR = 0.18, p = 0.037) when compared to Stage I. Peritoneal endometriosis was associated with a 3.429-fold increase in the risk of the immunohistochemical endometrial inflammatory profile (OR = 3.429, p = 0.038). No significant associations were found between the clinical features of the disease and plasma cell density or the histopathological profile of the endometrium (all p values > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in IVF use (p = 0.67), pregnancy rates (p = 1), or live birth rates (p = 0.41) between infertile women with and without CE. Conclusions Should peritoneal endometriosis be diagnosed during a laparoscopy conducted for the treatment of infertility, it is advisable to obtain an endometrial biopsy for CE evaluation, as this may enhance the efficacy of the therapeutic approach. The hypothetical link between pelvic endometriosis-related inflammation, its clinical manifestations, and CE requires further investigation. The lack of a noninvasive marker for endometriosis and its grade limits the study results due to reliance on surgical cases, highlighting the need for advanced research in the field of noninvasive diagnostic tools. Trial registration NCT05824507 (registered April 20, 2023).
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spelling doaj-art-24146c6bfa9c43ebabf32e5460d9e3942025-08-20T03:05:45ZengBMCBMC Women's Health1472-68742025-03-0125111010.1186/s12905-025-03632-3Pelvic peritoneal endometriosis is linked to the endometrial inflammatory profile: a prospective cohort studyIwona Gawron0Kamil Derbisz1Robert Jach2Dominika Trojnarska3Katarzyna Milian-Ciesielska4Milosz Pietrus5Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Gynecology and ObstetricsClinical Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Gynecology, University Hospital in KrakowJagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Gynecology and ObstetricsClinical Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Gynecology, University Hospital in KrakowJagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of PathomorphologyJagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Gynecology and ObstetricsAbstract Background Pelvic endometriosis is an estrogen-driven inflammatory syndrome of unknown origin that alters the peritoneal microenvironment and likely impairs endometrial receptivity, adversely affecting fertility. Chronic endometritis (CE) may be a potential contributing factor to reduced endometrial receptivity in endometriosis. The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between pelvic endometriosis and CE. Methods The study included women undergoing laparoscopy for suspected pelvic endometriosis, and each underwent endometrial aspiration biopsy for CE. The stage of endometriosis was assessed intraoperatively, and CE activity was evaluated histopathologically and immunohistochemically. The associations between selected clinical characteristics of the disease and the density of endometrial plasma cells, immunohistochemical status, and histopathological profile of the endometrium were analyzed. Results Stage III endometriosis reduced the risk of the inflammatory immunohistochemical profile by 80% (OR = 0.18, p = 0.037) when compared to Stage I. Peritoneal endometriosis was associated with a 3.429-fold increase in the risk of the immunohistochemical endometrial inflammatory profile (OR = 3.429, p = 0.038). No significant associations were found between the clinical features of the disease and plasma cell density or the histopathological profile of the endometrium (all p values > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in IVF use (p = 0.67), pregnancy rates (p = 1), or live birth rates (p = 0.41) between infertile women with and without CE. Conclusions Should peritoneal endometriosis be diagnosed during a laparoscopy conducted for the treatment of infertility, it is advisable to obtain an endometrial biopsy for CE evaluation, as this may enhance the efficacy of the therapeutic approach. The hypothetical link between pelvic endometriosis-related inflammation, its clinical manifestations, and CE requires further investigation. The lack of a noninvasive marker for endometriosis and its grade limits the study results due to reliance on surgical cases, highlighting the need for advanced research in the field of noninvasive diagnostic tools. Trial registration NCT05824507 (registered April 20, 2023).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03632-3Pelvic endometriosisIdiopathic infertilityChronic endometritisObstetric outcomes
spellingShingle Iwona Gawron
Kamil Derbisz
Robert Jach
Dominika Trojnarska
Katarzyna Milian-Ciesielska
Milosz Pietrus
Pelvic peritoneal endometriosis is linked to the endometrial inflammatory profile: a prospective cohort study
BMC Women's Health
Pelvic endometriosis
Idiopathic infertility
Chronic endometritis
Obstetric outcomes
title Pelvic peritoneal endometriosis is linked to the endometrial inflammatory profile: a prospective cohort study
title_full Pelvic peritoneal endometriosis is linked to the endometrial inflammatory profile: a prospective cohort study
title_fullStr Pelvic peritoneal endometriosis is linked to the endometrial inflammatory profile: a prospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Pelvic peritoneal endometriosis is linked to the endometrial inflammatory profile: a prospective cohort study
title_short Pelvic peritoneal endometriosis is linked to the endometrial inflammatory profile: a prospective cohort study
title_sort pelvic peritoneal endometriosis is linked to the endometrial inflammatory profile a prospective cohort study
topic Pelvic endometriosis
Idiopathic infertility
Chronic endometritis
Obstetric outcomes
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03632-3
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