Human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV-7) infection induces pulmonary vascular endothelial injury through the activation of endothelial autophagy
Abstract Background HAdV-7 is a prevalent pathogen that can cause severe pneumonia in children. Previous studies have shown a significant increase in serum levels of vascular permeability factor (VPF/VEGF) and viral load in pediatric patients with fatal HAdV-7 infection, suggesting potential damage...
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BMC
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Respiratory Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-03025-4 |
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| author | Zhihe Chen Zhongying Yang Lifen Rao Changgen Li Na Zang Enmei Liu |
| author_facet | Zhihe Chen Zhongying Yang Lifen Rao Changgen Li Na Zang Enmei Liu |
| author_sort | Zhihe Chen |
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| description | Abstract Background HAdV-7 is a prevalent pathogen that can cause severe pneumonia in children. Previous studies have shown a significant increase in serum levels of vascular permeability factor (VPF/VEGF) and viral load in pediatric patients with fatal HAdV-7 infection, suggesting potential damage to the pulmonary vascular endothelium. Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods The human lung microvascular endothelial cell line-5a and human CD46 mice were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. RNA-seq was employed for correlative omics analysis. Viral infection and copy status were examined using transmission electron microscopy to observe virus particles, immunofluorescence to detect the viral protein Hexon, and qPCR to assess HAdV-7 fiber gene copies. Various methods, including ELISAs for VEGF and other injury markers, the CCK8 assay for cell viability, and flow cytometry for endothelium numbers, were employed to evaluate endothelial damage. Acute lung injury severity was evaluated by scoring pathological inflammation and measuring pulmonary vascular permeability. Autophagy activation was assessed by observing autophagosomes and validating marker proteins. Results GSEA analysis showed significant enrichment of gene sets related to endothelial functions (barrier, defense, and regeneration) and ALI in the HAdV-7-infected group. GO analysis indicated an enrichment of autophagy-related pathways linked to cell death. Subsequently, successful signs of HAdV-7 infection and replication were observed in the endothelium, including cytopathic effects, intracellular virions, and increased HAdV-7 fiber gene copies. Endothelial injury, including mitochondrial damage, decreased endothelium, and elevated levels of endothelial injury markers such as VEGF, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, E-selectin, ESM1, MCP1, and IL1β were observed after HAdV-7 infection. Additionally, evidence of leaky lung blood vessels and ALI was observed, including progressive weight loss, elevated pulmonary vascular permeability, and severe lung consolidation. Furthermore, HAdV-7 infection induced autophagosome formation in the endothelium and triggered complete cell autophagy. Importantly, inhibiting autophagic flux reduced VEGF levels and other endothelial injury markers, decreased viral load, improved cell survival rate, alleviated pulmonary vessel leakage, and mitigated lung inflammation. Conclusions HAdV-7 successfully infects pulmonary vascular endothelium and replicates effectively, causing injury to the endothelium, high VEGF expression and viral load in the serum, as well as ALI/ARDS. Autophagy inhibitors can alleviate endothelial injury, inhibit viral replication, relieve leakage from the vasculature, and reduce lung inflammation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-240e3365c9bd4689b8bb667f58d6e708 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| series | Respiratory Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-240e3365c9bd4689b8bb667f58d6e7082024-12-08T12:42:04ZengBMCRespiratory Research1465-993X2024-12-0125111910.1186/s12931-024-03025-4Human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV-7) infection induces pulmonary vascular endothelial injury through the activation of endothelial autophagyZhihe Chen0Zhongying Yang1Lifen Rao2Changgen Li3Na Zang4Enmei Liu5Department of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and ImmunityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and ImmunityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and ImmunityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and ImmunityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and ImmunityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and ImmunityAbstract Background HAdV-7 is a prevalent pathogen that can cause severe pneumonia in children. Previous studies have shown a significant increase in serum levels of vascular permeability factor (VPF/VEGF) and viral load in pediatric patients with fatal HAdV-7 infection, suggesting potential damage to the pulmonary vascular endothelium. Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods The human lung microvascular endothelial cell line-5a and human CD46 mice were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. RNA-seq was employed for correlative omics analysis. Viral infection and copy status were examined using transmission electron microscopy to observe virus particles, immunofluorescence to detect the viral protein Hexon, and qPCR to assess HAdV-7 fiber gene copies. Various methods, including ELISAs for VEGF and other injury markers, the CCK8 assay for cell viability, and flow cytometry for endothelium numbers, were employed to evaluate endothelial damage. Acute lung injury severity was evaluated by scoring pathological inflammation and measuring pulmonary vascular permeability. Autophagy activation was assessed by observing autophagosomes and validating marker proteins. Results GSEA analysis showed significant enrichment of gene sets related to endothelial functions (barrier, defense, and regeneration) and ALI in the HAdV-7-infected group. GO analysis indicated an enrichment of autophagy-related pathways linked to cell death. Subsequently, successful signs of HAdV-7 infection and replication were observed in the endothelium, including cytopathic effects, intracellular virions, and increased HAdV-7 fiber gene copies. Endothelial injury, including mitochondrial damage, decreased endothelium, and elevated levels of endothelial injury markers such as VEGF, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, E-selectin, ESM1, MCP1, and IL1β were observed after HAdV-7 infection. Additionally, evidence of leaky lung blood vessels and ALI was observed, including progressive weight loss, elevated pulmonary vascular permeability, and severe lung consolidation. Furthermore, HAdV-7 infection induced autophagosome formation in the endothelium and triggered complete cell autophagy. Importantly, inhibiting autophagic flux reduced VEGF levels and other endothelial injury markers, decreased viral load, improved cell survival rate, alleviated pulmonary vessel leakage, and mitigated lung inflammation. Conclusions HAdV-7 successfully infects pulmonary vascular endothelium and replicates effectively, causing injury to the endothelium, high VEGF expression and viral load in the serum, as well as ALI/ARDS. Autophagy inhibitors can alleviate endothelial injury, inhibit viral replication, relieve leakage from the vasculature, and reduce lung inflammation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-03025-4HAdV-7Endothelial autophagyEndothelium injuryViremiaALI/ARDS |
| spellingShingle | Zhihe Chen Zhongying Yang Lifen Rao Changgen Li Na Zang Enmei Liu Human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV-7) infection induces pulmonary vascular endothelial injury through the activation of endothelial autophagy Respiratory Research HAdV-7 Endothelial autophagy Endothelium injury Viremia ALI/ARDS |
| title | Human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV-7) infection induces pulmonary vascular endothelial injury through the activation of endothelial autophagy |
| title_full | Human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV-7) infection induces pulmonary vascular endothelial injury through the activation of endothelial autophagy |
| title_fullStr | Human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV-7) infection induces pulmonary vascular endothelial injury through the activation of endothelial autophagy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV-7) infection induces pulmonary vascular endothelial injury through the activation of endothelial autophagy |
| title_short | Human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV-7) infection induces pulmonary vascular endothelial injury through the activation of endothelial autophagy |
| title_sort | human adenovirus type 7 hadv 7 infection induces pulmonary vascular endothelial injury through the activation of endothelial autophagy |
| topic | HAdV-7 Endothelial autophagy Endothelium injury Viremia ALI/ARDS |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-03025-4 |
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