First isolation and sequencing of rabies virus detected in a red fox in Albania

Rabies has been an endemic disease in Albania. From time to time, positive cases have been recorded in wild and domestic animals, and occasionally in humans. Passive surveillance is the main method used by veterinary and health authorities to monitor the incidence of the disease and organise preven-...

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Main Authors: L. Lufo, E. Picard-Meyer, E. Robardet, V. Shtjefni, F. Cliquet, P. Koli, P. Çobo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria 2025-09-01
Series:Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
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author L. Lufo
E. Picard-Meyer
E. Robardet
V. Shtjefni
F. Cliquet
P. Koli
P. Çobo
author_facet L. Lufo
E. Picard-Meyer
E. Robardet
V. Shtjefni
F. Cliquet
P. Koli
P. Çobo
author_sort L. Lufo
collection DOAJ
description Rabies has been an endemic disease in Albania. From time to time, positive cases have been recorded in wild and domestic animals, and occasionally in humans. Passive surveillance is the main method used by veterinary and health authorities to monitor the incidence of the disease and organise preven-tion and treatment in case of exposure. The last detection of rabies virus (RABV) in the country was recorded in 2014 from a red fox in Kukes District, North of Albania. In the same year 2 other samples (1 from a red fox and 1 from a shepherd dog), originated from the same area and were reported and analysed but rabies virus was not detected. Methods used for antigen detection and virus isolation were the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and the rabies tissue culture infection test (RTCIT), respec-tively. Typing of rabies virus isolate was done using SANGER sequencing. A real-time RT PCR method was performed before genetic characterisation. The genetic analyses showed that this field strain, DR914 fox 2014 ALBANIA, belonged to the same EE group of isolates from neighbouring countries of the Republic of North Macedonia, Montenegro, Greece, and Serbia. DR914 fox 2014 Albania is the last rabies virus isolated and sequenced in Albania. Increased surveillance and related molecular epidemiology research are needed to get a complete understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of the rabies virus in the Balkan region.
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1313-3543
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publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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spelling doaj-art-23dc70d9ca8c4e578d65ea7bcd6791242025-08-20T02:37:29ZengFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, BulgariaBulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine1311-14771313-35432025-09-0128346848110.15547/bjvm.2024-0080First isolation and sequencing of rabies virus detected in a red fox in AlbaniaL. Lufo0E. Picard-Meyer1E. Robardet2V. Shtjefni3F. Cliquet4P. Koli5P. Çobo6Rabies Laboratory, Animal Health Department, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute of Tirana, AlbaniaEuropean Union Reference Laboratory for Rabies, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), FranceEuropean Union Reference Laboratory for Rabies, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), FranceRabies Laboratory, Animal Health Department, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute of Tirana, AlbaniaEuropean Union Reference Laboratory for Rabies, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), FranceRabies Laboratory, Animal Health Department, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute of Tirana, AlbaniaRabies Laboratory, Animal Health Department, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute of Tirana, AlbaniaRabies has been an endemic disease in Albania. From time to time, positive cases have been recorded in wild and domestic animals, and occasionally in humans. Passive surveillance is the main method used by veterinary and health authorities to monitor the incidence of the disease and organise preven-tion and treatment in case of exposure. The last detection of rabies virus (RABV) in the country was recorded in 2014 from a red fox in Kukes District, North of Albania. In the same year 2 other samples (1 from a red fox and 1 from a shepherd dog), originated from the same area and were reported and analysed but rabies virus was not detected. Methods used for antigen detection and virus isolation were the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and the rabies tissue culture infection test (RTCIT), respec-tively. Typing of rabies virus isolate was done using SANGER sequencing. A real-time RT PCR method was performed before genetic characterisation. The genetic analyses showed that this field strain, DR914 fox 2014 ALBANIA, belonged to the same EE group of isolates from neighbouring countries of the Republic of North Macedonia, Montenegro, Greece, and Serbia. DR914 fox 2014 Albania is the last rabies virus isolated and sequenced in Albania. Increased surveillance and related molecular epidemiology research are needed to get a complete understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of the rabies virus in the Balkan region. fatgenetic characterisationrabiesred foxrtcit
spellingShingle L. Lufo
E. Picard-Meyer
E. Robardet
V. Shtjefni
F. Cliquet
P. Koli
P. Çobo
First isolation and sequencing of rabies virus detected in a red fox in Albania
Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
fat
genetic characterisation
rabies
red fox
rtcit
title First isolation and sequencing of rabies virus detected in a red fox in Albania
title_full First isolation and sequencing of rabies virus detected in a red fox in Albania
title_fullStr First isolation and sequencing of rabies virus detected in a red fox in Albania
title_full_unstemmed First isolation and sequencing of rabies virus detected in a red fox in Albania
title_short First isolation and sequencing of rabies virus detected in a red fox in Albania
title_sort first isolation and sequencing of rabies virus detected in a red fox in albania
topic fat
genetic characterisation
rabies
red fox
rtcit
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