Analysis of antibody dynamics in Chinese children aged 1-3 years after single-dose varicella vaccination: A 42 months prospective study
In China, children aged 12 months receive only a single dose of the varicella vaccine and the incidence of varicella remains high. This study aims to evaluate the changes in immunity among children aged 1–3 years following a single dose of the varicella vaccine, providing a scientific basis for dete...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2410065 |
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| author | Xiang Sun Lei Zhang Zhiguo Wang Wen Wang |
| author_facet | Xiang Sun Lei Zhang Zhiguo Wang Wen Wang |
| author_sort | Xiang Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In China, children aged 12 months receive only a single dose of the varicella vaccine and the incidence of varicella remains high. This study aims to evaluate the changes in immunity among children aged 1–3 years following a single dose of the varicella vaccine, providing a scientific basis for determining the optimal age for a second vaccination. This prospective cohort study employed glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA) for antibody detection. The changes in IgG antibody levels over time post-vaccination were analyzed using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) fitted binary logistic regression model. Varicella surveillance data were collected from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS). Following a peak in varicella incidence in 2019, the incidence shifted toward older age groups. The cohort study results revealed a seropositivity rate of 100% in children during the 18 months post-vaccination, which subsequently declined to 71.6% by the 42 months. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) decreased from 307.6mIU/mL to 115.2mIU/mL. Additionally, 14 children contracted varicella during the follow-up period, resulting in a breakthrough rate of 2.85%. RCS analysis indicated that antibody levels fell below the protective threshold 18.69 months post-vaccination, with a non-linear decline in the odds ratio(OR) of maintaining antibody concentrations ≥ 50mIU/mL(p < .001, Pnonlinear ≤ 0.001). This study demonstrates that the long-term protective efficacy of a single dose of the varicella vaccine diminishes over time in children, underscoring the necessity of implementing a two-dose vaccination strategy. The findings provide scientific evidence for determining the optimal timing for administering the second dose of the vaccine. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-23d7f7e53f4445f9b4fafbcc7f4f2c41 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2164-5515 2164-554X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
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| series | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-23d7f7e53f4445f9b4fafbcc7f4f2c412025-08-20T02:16:40ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2024-12-0120110.1080/21645515.2024.2410065Analysis of antibody dynamics in Chinese children aged 1-3 years after single-dose varicella vaccination: A 42 months prospective studyXiang Sun0Lei Zhang1Zhiguo Wang2Wen Wang3Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Expanded Program on Immunization, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, ChinaIn China, children aged 12 months receive only a single dose of the varicella vaccine and the incidence of varicella remains high. This study aims to evaluate the changes in immunity among children aged 1–3 years following a single dose of the varicella vaccine, providing a scientific basis for determining the optimal age for a second vaccination. This prospective cohort study employed glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA) for antibody detection. The changes in IgG antibody levels over time post-vaccination were analyzed using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) fitted binary logistic regression model. Varicella surveillance data were collected from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS). Following a peak in varicella incidence in 2019, the incidence shifted toward older age groups. The cohort study results revealed a seropositivity rate of 100% in children during the 18 months post-vaccination, which subsequently declined to 71.6% by the 42 months. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) decreased from 307.6mIU/mL to 115.2mIU/mL. Additionally, 14 children contracted varicella during the follow-up period, resulting in a breakthrough rate of 2.85%. RCS analysis indicated that antibody levels fell below the protective threshold 18.69 months post-vaccination, with a non-linear decline in the odds ratio(OR) of maintaining antibody concentrations ≥ 50mIU/mL(p < .001, Pnonlinear ≤ 0.001). This study demonstrates that the long-term protective efficacy of a single dose of the varicella vaccine diminishes over time in children, underscoring the necessity of implementing a two-dose vaccination strategy. The findings provide scientific evidence for determining the optimal timing for administering the second dose of the vaccine.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2410065Varicella vaccineprospective studyrestricted cubic splinewaning immunityvaccination strategy |
| spellingShingle | Xiang Sun Lei Zhang Zhiguo Wang Wen Wang Analysis of antibody dynamics in Chinese children aged 1-3 years after single-dose varicella vaccination: A 42 months prospective study Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Varicella vaccine prospective study restricted cubic spline waning immunity vaccination strategy |
| title | Analysis of antibody dynamics in Chinese children aged 1-3 years after single-dose varicella vaccination: A 42 months prospective study |
| title_full | Analysis of antibody dynamics in Chinese children aged 1-3 years after single-dose varicella vaccination: A 42 months prospective study |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of antibody dynamics in Chinese children aged 1-3 years after single-dose varicella vaccination: A 42 months prospective study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of antibody dynamics in Chinese children aged 1-3 years after single-dose varicella vaccination: A 42 months prospective study |
| title_short | Analysis of antibody dynamics in Chinese children aged 1-3 years after single-dose varicella vaccination: A 42 months prospective study |
| title_sort | analysis of antibody dynamics in chinese children aged 1 3 years after single dose varicella vaccination a 42 months prospective study |
| topic | Varicella vaccine prospective study restricted cubic spline waning immunity vaccination strategy |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2410065 |
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