Copper difluorocarbene-involved catalytic gem-difluoropropargylation

Abstract The use of metal for catalytic difluorocarbene transfer reactions has long been hindered by the lack of understanding of metal difluorocarbene chemistry, despite the potential implications for medicinal chemistry and advanced materials science. Here, we report a copper-catalyzed difluorocar...

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Main Authors: Xin Zeng, Shi-Ping Sun, Hai-Yang Zhao, Xingang Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59903-y
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author Xin Zeng
Shi-Ping Sun
Hai-Yang Zhao
Xingang Zhang
author_facet Xin Zeng
Shi-Ping Sun
Hai-Yang Zhao
Xingang Zhang
author_sort Xin Zeng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The use of metal for catalytic difluorocarbene transfer reactions has long been hindered by the lack of understanding of metal difluorocarbene chemistry, despite the potential implications for medicinal chemistry and advanced materials science. Here, we report a copper-catalyzed difluorocarbene transfer reaction via 1,1-migration of copper difluorocarbene, in contrast to the previous nucleophilic addition of copper difluorocarbene pathway. This reaction enables the development of a modular catalytic gem-difluoropropargylation reaction using a variety of simple and widely available potassium propiolates, terminal alkynes, and allyl/propargyl electrophiles to couple difluorocarbene, opening an avenue to the precise synthesis of organofluorine compounds without tedious synthetic procedures. The impact of this protocol is demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of complex fluorinated skeletons and the rapid synthesis of key intermediates for pheromone derivatives and PGF2 agonists. Mechanistic studies reveal that the migratory insertion of difluorocarbene into the C-Cu bond of the alkynylcopper species is a key step in the reaction.
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issn 2041-1723
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spelling doaj-art-23d238b754dd4e3bb009bac51504c5052025-08-20T02:25:16ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111010.1038/s41467-025-59903-yCopper difluorocarbene-involved catalytic gem-difluoropropargylationXin Zeng0Shi-Ping Sun1Hai-Yang Zhao2Xingang Zhang3State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract The use of metal for catalytic difluorocarbene transfer reactions has long been hindered by the lack of understanding of metal difluorocarbene chemistry, despite the potential implications for medicinal chemistry and advanced materials science. Here, we report a copper-catalyzed difluorocarbene transfer reaction via 1,1-migration of copper difluorocarbene, in contrast to the previous nucleophilic addition of copper difluorocarbene pathway. This reaction enables the development of a modular catalytic gem-difluoropropargylation reaction using a variety of simple and widely available potassium propiolates, terminal alkynes, and allyl/propargyl electrophiles to couple difluorocarbene, opening an avenue to the precise synthesis of organofluorine compounds without tedious synthetic procedures. The impact of this protocol is demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of complex fluorinated skeletons and the rapid synthesis of key intermediates for pheromone derivatives and PGF2 agonists. Mechanistic studies reveal that the migratory insertion of difluorocarbene into the C-Cu bond of the alkynylcopper species is a key step in the reaction.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59903-y
spellingShingle Xin Zeng
Shi-Ping Sun
Hai-Yang Zhao
Xingang Zhang
Copper difluorocarbene-involved catalytic gem-difluoropropargylation
Nature Communications
title Copper difluorocarbene-involved catalytic gem-difluoropropargylation
title_full Copper difluorocarbene-involved catalytic gem-difluoropropargylation
title_fullStr Copper difluorocarbene-involved catalytic gem-difluoropropargylation
title_full_unstemmed Copper difluorocarbene-involved catalytic gem-difluoropropargylation
title_short Copper difluorocarbene-involved catalytic gem-difluoropropargylation
title_sort copper difluorocarbene involved catalytic gem difluoropropargylation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59903-y
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AT shipingsun copperdifluorocarbeneinvolvedcatalyticgemdifluoropropargylation
AT haiyangzhao copperdifluorocarbeneinvolvedcatalyticgemdifluoropropargylation
AT xingangzhang copperdifluorocarbeneinvolvedcatalyticgemdifluoropropargylation