Adaptive immune responses against common viruses are sustained and functional in end-of-life patients

Summary: Viral infections occur with increased frequency in patients in palliative care, impacting their quality of life and increasing mortality rates. Still, the function of the immune system has never been thoroughly studied at the end of life. We investigated virus-specific humoral and cellular...

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Main Authors: Anna Olofsson, Marion Humbert, Rokeya S. Rekha, Maria Helde Frankling, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, Peter Bergman, Linda Björkhem-Bergman, Annika C. Karlsson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:iScience
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225003426
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Summary:Summary: Viral infections occur with increased frequency in patients in palliative care, impacting their quality of life and increasing mortality rates. Still, the function of the immune system has never been thoroughly studied at the end of life. We investigated virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in elderly end-of-life patients (n = 38) and controls (n = 28). Virus-specific T cell responses were characterized using high-parameter flow cytometry, after stimulation with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human coronavirus OC43 peptides. Although some virus-specific T cells from patients exhibited elevated expression of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules, their functional profile remained largely intact compared to controls. The expression of the cytotoxic markers Granzyme B, CD107a, and 2B4 on CMV-specific T cells correlated closely with survival time. Significantly, our data demonstrate that both humoral and cellular immunity remain responsive and functional against common viruses in end-of-life patients.
ISSN:2589-0042