The progress and prospects of targeting the adenosine pathway in cancer immunotherapy

Abstract Despite the notable success of cancer immunotherapy, its effectiveness is often limited in a significant proportion of patients, highlighting the need to explore alternative tumor immune evasion mechanisms. Adenosine, a key metabolite accumulating in hypoxic tumor regions, has emerged as a...

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Main Authors: Yuying Yang, Lin Zhu, Yantao Xu, Long Liang, Li Liu, Xiang Chen, Hui Li, Hong Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Biomarker Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-025-00784-0
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author Yuying Yang
Lin Zhu
Yantao Xu
Long Liang
Li Liu
Xiang Chen
Hui Li
Hong Liu
author_facet Yuying Yang
Lin Zhu
Yantao Xu
Long Liang
Li Liu
Xiang Chen
Hui Li
Hong Liu
author_sort Yuying Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Despite the notable success of cancer immunotherapy, its effectiveness is often limited in a significant proportion of patients, highlighting the need to explore alternative tumor immune evasion mechanisms. Adenosine, a key metabolite accumulating in hypoxic tumor regions, has emerged as a promising target in oncology. Inhibiting the adenosinergic pathway not only inhibits tumor progression but also holds potential to enhance immunotherapy outcomes. Multiple therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway are being explored, ranging from preclinical studies to clinical trials. This review examines the complex interactions between adenosine, its receptors, and the tumor microenvironment, proposing strategies to target the adenosinergic axis to boost anti-tumor immunity. It also evaluates early clinical data on pharmacological inhibitors of the adenosinergic pathway and discusses future directions for improving clinical responses.
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issn 2050-7771
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series Biomarker Research
spelling doaj-art-23c5df71ab1a44afb5ca0a7a2b4f4a762025-08-20T01:53:25ZengBMCBiomarker Research2050-77712025-05-0113113410.1186/s40364-025-00784-0The progress and prospects of targeting the adenosine pathway in cancer immunotherapyYuying Yang0Lin Zhu1Yantao Xu2Long Liang3Li Liu4Xiang Chen5Hui Li6Hong Liu7Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityMolecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South UniversityMolecular Biology Research Center and Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South UniversityDepartment of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityAbstract Despite the notable success of cancer immunotherapy, its effectiveness is often limited in a significant proportion of patients, highlighting the need to explore alternative tumor immune evasion mechanisms. Adenosine, a key metabolite accumulating in hypoxic tumor regions, has emerged as a promising target in oncology. Inhibiting the adenosinergic pathway not only inhibits tumor progression but also holds potential to enhance immunotherapy outcomes. Multiple therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway are being explored, ranging from preclinical studies to clinical trials. This review examines the complex interactions between adenosine, its receptors, and the tumor microenvironment, proposing strategies to target the adenosinergic axis to boost anti-tumor immunity. It also evaluates early clinical data on pharmacological inhibitors of the adenosinergic pathway and discusses future directions for improving clinical responses.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-025-00784-0AdenosineCancer immunotherapyCD73CD39Adenosine receptorsTumor microenvironment
spellingShingle Yuying Yang
Lin Zhu
Yantao Xu
Long Liang
Li Liu
Xiang Chen
Hui Li
Hong Liu
The progress and prospects of targeting the adenosine pathway in cancer immunotherapy
Biomarker Research
Adenosine
Cancer immunotherapy
CD73
CD39
Adenosine receptors
Tumor microenvironment
title The progress and prospects of targeting the adenosine pathway in cancer immunotherapy
title_full The progress and prospects of targeting the adenosine pathway in cancer immunotherapy
title_fullStr The progress and prospects of targeting the adenosine pathway in cancer immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed The progress and prospects of targeting the adenosine pathway in cancer immunotherapy
title_short The progress and prospects of targeting the adenosine pathway in cancer immunotherapy
title_sort progress and prospects of targeting the adenosine pathway in cancer immunotherapy
topic Adenosine
Cancer immunotherapy
CD73
CD39
Adenosine receptors
Tumor microenvironment
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-025-00784-0
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