Sagnac Interference-Based Contact-Type Fiber-Optic Vibration Sensor

The observation and evaluation of vibration signals is crucial for enhancing engineering quality and ensuring the safe operation of equipment. This paper proposes a fiber-optic vibration sensor based on the Sagnac interference principle. The polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) is spliced between tw...

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Main Authors: Hongmei Li, Longhuang Tang, Lijie Zhang, Wenjuan Huang, Rong Cao, Cheng Huang, Xiaobo Hu, Yifei Sun, Jia Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Photonics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/2/131
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author Hongmei Li
Longhuang Tang
Lijie Zhang
Wenjuan Huang
Rong Cao
Cheng Huang
Xiaobo Hu
Yifei Sun
Jia Shi
author_facet Hongmei Li
Longhuang Tang
Lijie Zhang
Wenjuan Huang
Rong Cao
Cheng Huang
Xiaobo Hu
Yifei Sun
Jia Shi
author_sort Hongmei Li
collection DOAJ
description The observation and evaluation of vibration signals is crucial for enhancing engineering quality and ensuring the safe operation of equipment. This paper proposes a fiber-optic vibration sensor based on the Sagnac interference principle. The polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) is spliced between two single mode fibers (SMFs) to form the SMF-PMF-SMF (SPS) fiber structure. The Sagnac interferometer consists of an SPS fiber structure connected to a 3 dB coupler. Due to the principle of the elastic-optical effect, the interferometric spectrum of the PMF-based Sagnac interferometric structure changes when the PMF is subjected to stress, enabling vibration to be measured. The experimental results show that the relative measurement error of the fiber-optic vibration sensor for healthy and faulty bearings is less than 1.8%, which verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the sensor. The sensor offers benefits of excellent anti-vibration fatigue characteristics, simple production, small size, light weight, and has a wide range of applications in mechanical engineering, fault detection, safety and security, and other fields.
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publisher MDPI AG
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series Photonics
spelling doaj-art-23a78cd44d5647c0a877b777ebfb413c2025-08-20T02:04:02ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-02-0112213110.3390/photonics12020131Sagnac Interference-Based Contact-Type Fiber-Optic Vibration SensorHongmei Li0Longhuang Tang1Lijie Zhang2Wenjuan Huang3Rong Cao4Cheng Huang5Xiaobo Hu6Yifei Sun7Jia Shi8Commercial Aircraft Engine Company Limited, Aero Engine Corporation of China, Shanghai 200241, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 622150, ChinaCommercial Aircraft Engine Company Limited, Aero Engine Corporation of China, Shanghai 200241, ChinaCommercial Aircraft Engine Company Limited, Aero Engine Corporation of China, Shanghai 200241, ChinaCommercial Aircraft Engine Company Limited, Aero Engine Corporation of China, Shanghai 200241, ChinaCommercial Aircraft Engine Company Limited, Aero Engine Corporation of China, Shanghai 200241, ChinaCommercial Aircraft Engine Company Limited, Aero Engine Corporation of China, Shanghai 200241, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, ChinaThe observation and evaluation of vibration signals is crucial for enhancing engineering quality and ensuring the safe operation of equipment. This paper proposes a fiber-optic vibration sensor based on the Sagnac interference principle. The polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) is spliced between two single mode fibers (SMFs) to form the SMF-PMF-SMF (SPS) fiber structure. The Sagnac interferometer consists of an SPS fiber structure connected to a 3 dB coupler. Due to the principle of the elastic-optical effect, the interferometric spectrum of the PMF-based Sagnac interferometric structure changes when the PMF is subjected to stress, enabling vibration to be measured. The experimental results show that the relative measurement error of the fiber-optic vibration sensor for healthy and faulty bearings is less than 1.8%, which verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the sensor. The sensor offers benefits of excellent anti-vibration fatigue characteristics, simple production, small size, light weight, and has a wide range of applications in mechanical engineering, fault detection, safety and security, and other fields.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/2/131Sagnac interferometervibration sensorfault detection
spellingShingle Hongmei Li
Longhuang Tang
Lijie Zhang
Wenjuan Huang
Rong Cao
Cheng Huang
Xiaobo Hu
Yifei Sun
Jia Shi
Sagnac Interference-Based Contact-Type Fiber-Optic Vibration Sensor
Photonics
Sagnac interferometer
vibration sensor
fault detection
title Sagnac Interference-Based Contact-Type Fiber-Optic Vibration Sensor
title_full Sagnac Interference-Based Contact-Type Fiber-Optic Vibration Sensor
title_fullStr Sagnac Interference-Based Contact-Type Fiber-Optic Vibration Sensor
title_full_unstemmed Sagnac Interference-Based Contact-Type Fiber-Optic Vibration Sensor
title_short Sagnac Interference-Based Contact-Type Fiber-Optic Vibration Sensor
title_sort sagnac interference based contact type fiber optic vibration sensor
topic Sagnac interferometer
vibration sensor
fault detection
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/2/131
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AT wenjuanhuang sagnacinterferencebasedcontacttypefiberopticvibrationsensor
AT rongcao sagnacinterferencebasedcontacttypefiberopticvibrationsensor
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