Study on GPR Image Restoration for Urban Complex Road Surfaces Using an Improved CycleGAN

In urban road detection using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), challenges arise from complex and variable road structures and diversified detection environments. These unstable factors decrease GPR detection signal strength and cause signal shape distortion, negatively affecting detection accuracy. T...

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Main Authors: Xinxin Huang, Jialin Liu, Feng Yang, Xu Qiao, Liang Gao, Tingyang Fu, Jianshe Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/823
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author Xinxin Huang
Jialin Liu
Feng Yang
Xu Qiao
Liang Gao
Tingyang Fu
Jianshe Zhao
author_facet Xinxin Huang
Jialin Liu
Feng Yang
Xu Qiao
Liang Gao
Tingyang Fu
Jianshe Zhao
author_sort Xinxin Huang
collection DOAJ
description In urban road detection using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), challenges arise from complex and variable road structures and diversified detection environments. These unstable factors decrease GPR detection signal strength and cause signal shape distortion, negatively affecting detection accuracy. This reduces the interpretive accuracy of GPR images, impacting precise diagnosis of underground structures and hidden defects in urban roads. Therefore, understanding and overcoming these challenges is practically important for improving GPR performance and interpretive efficiency in urban road detection. To address these issues, this study proposes an innovative strategy using unsupervised learning for GPR image restoration. Specifically, it utilizes the Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) with the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) generator and integrates the Multi-Scale Structural Similarity Index (MS-SSIM) loss function to enhance restoration quality. The method is trained and validated using field experimentally collected datasets with and without road surface interference, and the performance is evaluated through qualitative and quantitative analysis of restored GPR B-scan images. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves image restoration by 4.9% in SSIM, 39.15% in PSNR, and 76.88% in MAE, confirming its significant effect in GPR image restoration.
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publishDate 2025-02-01
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series Remote Sensing
spelling doaj-art-238b4a6a490c4ceebb4d54be3aa237ad2025-08-20T02:59:15ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-02-0117582310.3390/rs17050823Study on GPR Image Restoration for Urban Complex Road Surfaces Using an Improved CycleGANXinxin Huang0Jialin Liu1Feng Yang2Xu Qiao3Liang Gao4Tingyang Fu5Jianshe Zhao6School of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaIn urban road detection using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), challenges arise from complex and variable road structures and diversified detection environments. These unstable factors decrease GPR detection signal strength and cause signal shape distortion, negatively affecting detection accuracy. This reduces the interpretive accuracy of GPR images, impacting precise diagnosis of underground structures and hidden defects in urban roads. Therefore, understanding and overcoming these challenges is practically important for improving GPR performance and interpretive efficiency in urban road detection. To address these issues, this study proposes an innovative strategy using unsupervised learning for GPR image restoration. Specifically, it utilizes the Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) with the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) generator and integrates the Multi-Scale Structural Similarity Index (MS-SSIM) loss function to enhance restoration quality. The method is trained and validated using field experimentally collected datasets with and without road surface interference, and the performance is evaluated through qualitative and quantitative analysis of restored GPR B-scan images. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves image restoration by 4.9% in SSIM, 39.15% in PSNR, and 76.88% in MAE, confirming its significant effect in GPR image restoration.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/823urban roadssurface interferenceGround-Penetrating RadarCycleGANCBAMimage restoration
spellingShingle Xinxin Huang
Jialin Liu
Feng Yang
Xu Qiao
Liang Gao
Tingyang Fu
Jianshe Zhao
Study on GPR Image Restoration for Urban Complex Road Surfaces Using an Improved CycleGAN
Remote Sensing
urban roads
surface interference
Ground-Penetrating Radar
CycleGAN
CBAM
image restoration
title Study on GPR Image Restoration for Urban Complex Road Surfaces Using an Improved CycleGAN
title_full Study on GPR Image Restoration for Urban Complex Road Surfaces Using an Improved CycleGAN
title_fullStr Study on GPR Image Restoration for Urban Complex Road Surfaces Using an Improved CycleGAN
title_full_unstemmed Study on GPR Image Restoration for Urban Complex Road Surfaces Using an Improved CycleGAN
title_short Study on GPR Image Restoration for Urban Complex Road Surfaces Using an Improved CycleGAN
title_sort study on gpr image restoration for urban complex road surfaces using an improved cyclegan
topic urban roads
surface interference
Ground-Penetrating Radar
CycleGAN
CBAM
image restoration
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/823
work_keys_str_mv AT xinxinhuang studyongprimagerestorationforurbancomplexroadsurfacesusinganimprovedcyclegan
AT jialinliu studyongprimagerestorationforurbancomplexroadsurfacesusinganimprovedcyclegan
AT fengyang studyongprimagerestorationforurbancomplexroadsurfacesusinganimprovedcyclegan
AT xuqiao studyongprimagerestorationforurbancomplexroadsurfacesusinganimprovedcyclegan
AT lianggao studyongprimagerestorationforurbancomplexroadsurfacesusinganimprovedcyclegan
AT tingyangfu studyongprimagerestorationforurbancomplexroadsurfacesusinganimprovedcyclegan
AT jianshezhao studyongprimagerestorationforurbancomplexroadsurfacesusinganimprovedcyclegan