Effect of Water Salinity, Dietary Potassium Carbonate, Vitamin D3 Levels, and Vitamin D3 Form (1α-Hydroxycholecalciferol) on Calcium and Phosphorus Digestibility and Tibia Bone Properties in Broilers

This study aimed to assess the joint impact of water salinity, K2CO3, vitamin D3 levels, and inclusion of 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1αOHD3 ) on broiler tibiae. A total of 1200 one-day-old male Ross broiler chickens were given four differe...

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Main Authors: Hossein Esmaeili, Farzad Bagherzadeh-kasmani, Saeed Khalaji, Hossein N. Younesi, Mahmood Ghazaghi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Japan Poultry Science Association 2025-07-01
Series:The Journal of Poultry Science
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Online Access:https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jpsa/62/0/62_2025020/_html/-char/en
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author Hossein Esmaeili
Farzad Bagherzadeh-kasmani
Saeed Khalaji
Hossein N. Younesi
Mahmood Ghazaghi
author_facet Hossein Esmaeili
Farzad Bagherzadeh-kasmani
Saeed Khalaji
Hossein N. Younesi
Mahmood Ghazaghi
author_sort Hossein Esmaeili
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to assess the joint impact of water salinity, K2CO3, vitamin D3 levels, and inclusion of 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1αOHD3 ) on broiler tibiae. A total of 1200 one-day-old male Ross broiler chickens were given four different levels of vitamin D3 (2000, 5000, 7000, and 5000 IU + 20 µg/kg 1αOHD3), three levels of water salinity (WS ) (low, moderate, high), and two concentrations of K2CO3 (0 and 2.5 g/kg). Supplementation with 1αOHD3 reduced body weight and increased the feed conversion ratio throughout the experimental period. Birds consuming water with low salinity up to 21 days of age presented significantly lower body weight and feed intake, but a higher feed conversion ratio. Water consumption was reduced by increasing WS during the first week, but increased during the grower and finisher periods. K2CO3 lowered water consumption. Higher WS increased litter moisture by 35% and 27% at 14 and 28 days of age, along with alkaline phosphatase (ALP ) activity, but reduced plasma Ca, P, and K. Inclusion of K2CO3 lowered plasma Ca, P, and ALP activity at 14 days, but increased plasma K. Apparent total tract retention (TTR ) of P decreased by increasing D3 levels and adding 1αOHD3 on day 14. Increasing WS linearly decreased TTR of P on day 14 and TTR of Ca and P on day 28, causing a significant loss of tibia ash, Ca, and P. Tibial shear force was reduced by increasing dietary D3 on day 28. Tibial shear force and stress were decreased, while its elongation was improved, by increasing WS at 14 days of age. In conclusion, high WS lowered bird weight gain, increased water consumption and litter moisture, and reduced TTR of Ca and P, which significantly diminished tibia ash, Ca, and P, as well as tibial mechanical properties.
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series The Journal of Poultry Science
spelling doaj-art-237b3eebecd8404da2d7a7f94f910abe2025-08-20T03:13:39ZengJapan Poultry Science AssociationThe Journal of Poultry Science1346-73951349-04862025-07-0162010.2141/jpsa.2025020jpsaEffect of Water Salinity, Dietary Potassium Carbonate, Vitamin D3 Levels, and Vitamin D3 Form (1α-Hydroxycholecalciferol) on Calcium and Phosphorus Digestibility and Tibia Bone Properties in BroilersHossein Esmaeili0Farzad Bagherzadeh-kasmani1Saeed Khalaji2Hossein N. Younesi3Mahmood Ghazaghi4Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, 98661-5538, Zabol, IranDepartment of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, 98661-5538, Zabol, IranDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, 65719-95863, Malayer, IranDepartment of Animal Science, University of Birjand, 97191 Birjand, IranDepartment of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, 98661-5538, Zabol, IranThis study aimed to assess the joint impact of water salinity, K2CO3, vitamin D3 levels, and inclusion of 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1αOHD3 ) on broiler tibiae. A total of 1200 one-day-old male Ross broiler chickens were given four different levels of vitamin D3 (2000, 5000, 7000, and 5000 IU + 20 µg/kg 1αOHD3), three levels of water salinity (WS ) (low, moderate, high), and two concentrations of K2CO3 (0 and 2.5 g/kg). Supplementation with 1αOHD3 reduced body weight and increased the feed conversion ratio throughout the experimental period. Birds consuming water with low salinity up to 21 days of age presented significantly lower body weight and feed intake, but a higher feed conversion ratio. Water consumption was reduced by increasing WS during the first week, but increased during the grower and finisher periods. K2CO3 lowered water consumption. Higher WS increased litter moisture by 35% and 27% at 14 and 28 days of age, along with alkaline phosphatase (ALP ) activity, but reduced plasma Ca, P, and K. Inclusion of K2CO3 lowered plasma Ca, P, and ALP activity at 14 days, but increased plasma K. Apparent total tract retention (TTR ) of P decreased by increasing D3 levels and adding 1αOHD3 on day 14. Increasing WS linearly decreased TTR of P on day 14 and TTR of Ca and P on day 28, causing a significant loss of tibia ash, Ca, and P. Tibial shear force was reduced by increasing dietary D3 on day 28. Tibial shear force and stress were decreased, while its elongation was improved, by increasing WS at 14 days of age. In conclusion, high WS lowered bird weight gain, increased water consumption and litter moisture, and reduced TTR of Ca and P, which significantly diminished tibia ash, Ca, and P, as well as tibial mechanical properties.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jpsa/62/0/62_2025020/_html/-char/encalciumk2co3phosphorustibiavitamin d3water salinity1αohd3
spellingShingle Hossein Esmaeili
Farzad Bagherzadeh-kasmani
Saeed Khalaji
Hossein N. Younesi
Mahmood Ghazaghi
Effect of Water Salinity, Dietary Potassium Carbonate, Vitamin D3 Levels, and Vitamin D3 Form (1α-Hydroxycholecalciferol) on Calcium and Phosphorus Digestibility and Tibia Bone Properties in Broilers
The Journal of Poultry Science
calcium
k2co3
phosphorus
tibia
vitamin d3
water salinity
1αohd3
title Effect of Water Salinity, Dietary Potassium Carbonate, Vitamin D3 Levels, and Vitamin D3 Form (1α-Hydroxycholecalciferol) on Calcium and Phosphorus Digestibility and Tibia Bone Properties in Broilers
title_full Effect of Water Salinity, Dietary Potassium Carbonate, Vitamin D3 Levels, and Vitamin D3 Form (1α-Hydroxycholecalciferol) on Calcium and Phosphorus Digestibility and Tibia Bone Properties in Broilers
title_fullStr Effect of Water Salinity, Dietary Potassium Carbonate, Vitamin D3 Levels, and Vitamin D3 Form (1α-Hydroxycholecalciferol) on Calcium and Phosphorus Digestibility and Tibia Bone Properties in Broilers
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Water Salinity, Dietary Potassium Carbonate, Vitamin D3 Levels, and Vitamin D3 Form (1α-Hydroxycholecalciferol) on Calcium and Phosphorus Digestibility and Tibia Bone Properties in Broilers
title_short Effect of Water Salinity, Dietary Potassium Carbonate, Vitamin D3 Levels, and Vitamin D3 Form (1α-Hydroxycholecalciferol) on Calcium and Phosphorus Digestibility and Tibia Bone Properties in Broilers
title_sort effect of water salinity dietary potassium carbonate vitamin d3 levels and vitamin d3 form 1α hydroxycholecalciferol on calcium and phosphorus digestibility and tibia bone properties in broilers
topic calcium
k2co3
phosphorus
tibia
vitamin d3
water salinity
1αohd3
url https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jpsa/62/0/62_2025020/_html/-char/en
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