Tribological Characteristics of Biolubricant Obtained by Transesterification of Grape Seed Oil
Research on and the development of bio-based lubricants as alternatives to mineral-based lubricants have been encouraged worldwide owing to environmental concerns and the possible depletion of oil reserves. This study explored the use of grape seed oil (GSO), a byproduct of wine production, as a raw...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Lubricants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/12/12/459 |
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| author | Thawan Fonseca Silva Maria Marliete Fernandes de Melo Neta Paulo Roberto Campos Flexa Ribeiro Filho Francisco Murilo Tavares de Luna Célio Loureiro Cavalcante |
| author_facet | Thawan Fonseca Silva Maria Marliete Fernandes de Melo Neta Paulo Roberto Campos Flexa Ribeiro Filho Francisco Murilo Tavares de Luna Célio Loureiro Cavalcante |
| author_sort | Thawan Fonseca Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Research on and the development of bio-based lubricants as alternatives to mineral-based lubricants have been encouraged worldwide owing to environmental concerns and the possible depletion of oil reserves. This study explored the use of grape seed oil (GSO), a byproduct of wine production, as a raw material for biolubricant synthesis. GSO contains a triglyceride molecule rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which is ideal for obtaining biolubricants. This study addresses the technical challenges of converting GSO into a lubricant by synthesizing methyl esters (FAME) via transesterification with 2-ethylhexanol to produce a biolubricant (BL) sample. The obtained products were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to confirm the conversion of the molecules. The density, kinematic viscosity, and viscosity index were determined using the parameters established by ASTM. The tribological characteristics of BL were evaluated using a four-ball tribometer configuration. BL exhibited physicochemical characteristics comparable with those of an ISO VG 10 lubricant, a friction coefficient (FC) 40.82% lower than that of a hydrotreated mineral oil sample, and a smoother wear surface. These results indicate that the polarity of the ester functional group was efficient in producing a protective film on metal surfaces. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-236c700750fa4971af9b78e7b203f7e5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2075-4442 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Lubricants |
| spelling | doaj-art-236c700750fa4971af9b78e7b203f7e52025-08-20T02:39:41ZengMDPI AGLubricants2075-44422024-12-01121245910.3390/lubricants12120459Tribological Characteristics of Biolubricant Obtained by Transesterification of Grape Seed OilThawan Fonseca Silva0Maria Marliete Fernandes de Melo Neta1Paulo Roberto Campos Flexa Ribeiro Filho2Francisco Murilo Tavares de Luna3Célio Loureiro Cavalcante4Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís 65055310, BrazilGrupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção (GPSA), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Campus do Pici, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60455760, BrazilDepartamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís 65055310, BrazilGrupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção (GPSA), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Campus do Pici, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60455760, BrazilGrupo de Pesquisa em Separações por Adsorção (GPSA), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Campus do Pici, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60455760, BrazilResearch on and the development of bio-based lubricants as alternatives to mineral-based lubricants have been encouraged worldwide owing to environmental concerns and the possible depletion of oil reserves. This study explored the use of grape seed oil (GSO), a byproduct of wine production, as a raw material for biolubricant synthesis. GSO contains a triglyceride molecule rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which is ideal for obtaining biolubricants. This study addresses the technical challenges of converting GSO into a lubricant by synthesizing methyl esters (FAME) via transesterification with 2-ethylhexanol to produce a biolubricant (BL) sample. The obtained products were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to confirm the conversion of the molecules. The density, kinematic viscosity, and viscosity index were determined using the parameters established by ASTM. The tribological characteristics of BL were evaluated using a four-ball tribometer configuration. BL exhibited physicochemical characteristics comparable with those of an ISO VG 10 lubricant, a friction coefficient (FC) 40.82% lower than that of a hydrotreated mineral oil sample, and a smoother wear surface. These results indicate that the polarity of the ester functional group was efficient in producing a protective film on metal surfaces.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/12/12/459tribologybiolubricanttransesterification |
| spellingShingle | Thawan Fonseca Silva Maria Marliete Fernandes de Melo Neta Paulo Roberto Campos Flexa Ribeiro Filho Francisco Murilo Tavares de Luna Célio Loureiro Cavalcante Tribological Characteristics of Biolubricant Obtained by Transesterification of Grape Seed Oil Lubricants tribology biolubricant transesterification |
| title | Tribological Characteristics of Biolubricant Obtained by Transesterification of Grape Seed Oil |
| title_full | Tribological Characteristics of Biolubricant Obtained by Transesterification of Grape Seed Oil |
| title_fullStr | Tribological Characteristics of Biolubricant Obtained by Transesterification of Grape Seed Oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tribological Characteristics of Biolubricant Obtained by Transesterification of Grape Seed Oil |
| title_short | Tribological Characteristics of Biolubricant Obtained by Transesterification of Grape Seed Oil |
| title_sort | tribological characteristics of biolubricant obtained by transesterification of grape seed oil |
| topic | tribology biolubricant transesterification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/12/12/459 |
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