New Potential Ultracompact X-Ray Binaries for Space-based Gravitational-wave Detectors from a Low-mass Main-sequence Companion Channel

We investigate the formation and evolution of ultracompact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) using the COMPAS binary evolution code, starting from the zero-age main sequence (MS). Focusing on the low-mass MS companion channel, we simulate gravitational-wave (GW) signals from UCXBs with LEGWORK and evaluate the...

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Main Authors: Minghua Chen, Jinzhong Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb618
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author Minghua Chen
Jinzhong Liu
author_facet Minghua Chen
Jinzhong Liu
author_sort Minghua Chen
collection DOAJ
description We investigate the formation and evolution of ultracompact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) using the COMPAS binary evolution code, starting from the zero-age main sequence (MS). Focusing on the low-mass MS companion channel, we simulate gravitational-wave (GW) signals from UCXBs with LEGWORK and evaluate their detectability by space-based observatories such as Taiji and TianQin. By incorporating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations with a threshold of SNR > 5, we provide a realistic framework to assess the detectability of the GW source. Our analysis suggests that the Milky Way currently hosts 7–32 observable UCXBs from the MS companion channel. Taiji or LISA alone could detect one to six sources over an 8 yr observation period, while TianQin, due to its high-frequency sensitivity, contributes to detecting systems with extremely short orbital periods and can also detect one to four sources. Comparison with sensitivity curves validates UCXBs as detectable GW sources, particularly at greater Galactic distances. This study improves our understanding of the evolution of UCXBs and their role as GW sources. By integrating population synthesis, SNR-based analyses, and observational data, we establish UCXBs as significant targets for GW astronomy, paving the way for future missions and theoretical studies of compact binary systems.
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spelling doaj-art-23661f58fe2d47a897ca3e2ad7e013842025-08-20T02:57:59ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01981217510.3847/1538-4357/adb618New Potential Ultracompact X-Ray Binaries for Space-based Gravitational-wave Detectors from a Low-mass Main-sequence Companion ChannelMinghua Chen0Jinzhong Liu1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7420-6744Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China ; liujinzh@xao.ac.cn; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaXinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011, People’s Republic of China ; liujinzh@xao.ac.cn; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaWe investigate the formation and evolution of ultracompact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) using the COMPAS binary evolution code, starting from the zero-age main sequence (MS). Focusing on the low-mass MS companion channel, we simulate gravitational-wave (GW) signals from UCXBs with LEGWORK and evaluate their detectability by space-based observatories such as Taiji and TianQin. By incorporating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations with a threshold of SNR > 5, we provide a realistic framework to assess the detectability of the GW source. Our analysis suggests that the Milky Way currently hosts 7–32 observable UCXBs from the MS companion channel. Taiji or LISA alone could detect one to six sources over an 8 yr observation period, while TianQin, due to its high-frequency sensitivity, contributes to detecting systems with extremely short orbital periods and can also detect one to four sources. Comparison with sensitivity curves validates UCXBs as detectable GW sources, particularly at greater Galactic distances. This study improves our understanding of the evolution of UCXBs and their role as GW sources. By integrating population synthesis, SNR-based analyses, and observational data, we establish UCXBs as significant targets for GW astronomy, paving the way for future missions and theoretical studies of compact binary systems.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb618X-ray binary starsGravitational wavesCompact binary starsSpace telescopes
spellingShingle Minghua Chen
Jinzhong Liu
New Potential Ultracompact X-Ray Binaries for Space-based Gravitational-wave Detectors from a Low-mass Main-sequence Companion Channel
The Astrophysical Journal
X-ray binary stars
Gravitational waves
Compact binary stars
Space telescopes
title New Potential Ultracompact X-Ray Binaries for Space-based Gravitational-wave Detectors from a Low-mass Main-sequence Companion Channel
title_full New Potential Ultracompact X-Ray Binaries for Space-based Gravitational-wave Detectors from a Low-mass Main-sequence Companion Channel
title_fullStr New Potential Ultracompact X-Ray Binaries for Space-based Gravitational-wave Detectors from a Low-mass Main-sequence Companion Channel
title_full_unstemmed New Potential Ultracompact X-Ray Binaries for Space-based Gravitational-wave Detectors from a Low-mass Main-sequence Companion Channel
title_short New Potential Ultracompact X-Ray Binaries for Space-based Gravitational-wave Detectors from a Low-mass Main-sequence Companion Channel
title_sort new potential ultracompact x ray binaries for space based gravitational wave detectors from a low mass main sequence companion channel
topic X-ray binary stars
Gravitational waves
Compact binary stars
Space telescopes
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb618
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AT jinzhongliu newpotentialultracompactxraybinariesforspacebasedgravitationalwavedetectorsfromalowmassmainsequencecompanionchannel