Myocardial infarction coincides with increased NOX2 and Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine expression in the cerebral microvasculature

Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with mental health disorders, in which neuroinflammation and cerebral microvascular dysfunction may play a role. Previously, we have shown that the proinflammatory factors Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) are increased in t...

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Main Authors: Suat Simsek, Casper G Schalkwijk, Hans W M Niessen, Amber Korn, Umit Baylan, Paul A J Krijnen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2021-12-01
Series:Open Heart
Online Access:https://openheart.bmj.com/content/8/2/e001842.full
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author Suat Simsek
Casper G Schalkwijk
Hans W M Niessen
Amber Korn
Umit Baylan
Paul A J Krijnen
author_facet Suat Simsek
Casper G Schalkwijk
Hans W M Niessen
Amber Korn
Umit Baylan
Paul A J Krijnen
author_sort Suat Simsek
collection DOAJ
description Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with mental health disorders, in which neuroinflammation and cerebral microvascular dysfunction may play a role. Previously, we have shown that the proinflammatory factors Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) are increased in the human infarcted heart microvasculature. The aim of this study was to analyse the presence of CML and NOX2 in the cerebral microvasculature of patients with MI.Methods Brain tissue was obtained at autopsy from 24 patients with MI and nine control patients. According to their infarct age, patients with MI were divided into three groups: 3–6 hours old (phase I), 6 hours–5 days old (phase II) and 5–14 days old (phase III). CML and NOX2 in the microvasculature were studied through immunohistochemical analysis.Results We observed a 2.5-fold increase in cerebral microvascular CML in patients with phase II and phase III MI (phase II: 21.39±7.91, p=0.004; phase III: 24.21±10.37, p=0.0007) compared with non-MI controls (8.55±2.98). NOX2 was increased in microvessels in patients with phase II MI (p=0.002) and phase III MI (p=0.04) compared with controls. No correlation was found between CML and NOX2 (r=0.58, p=0.13).Conclusions MI coincides with an increased presence of CML and NOX2 in the brain microvasculature. These data point to proinflammatory alterations in the brain microvasculature that may underlie MI-associated mental health disorders.
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spelling doaj-art-23625a756bc64b768f444e5b9c53d6002024-11-11T12:55:10ZengBMJ Publishing GroupOpen Heart2053-36242021-12-018210.1136/openhrt-2021-001842Myocardial infarction coincides with increased NOX2 and Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine expression in the cerebral microvasculatureSuat Simsek0Casper G Schalkwijk1Hans W M Niessen2Amber Korn3Umit Baylan4Paul A J Krijnen5Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBackground Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with mental health disorders, in which neuroinflammation and cerebral microvascular dysfunction may play a role. Previously, we have shown that the proinflammatory factors Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) are increased in the human infarcted heart microvasculature. The aim of this study was to analyse the presence of CML and NOX2 in the cerebral microvasculature of patients with MI.Methods Brain tissue was obtained at autopsy from 24 patients with MI and nine control patients. According to their infarct age, patients with MI were divided into three groups: 3–6 hours old (phase I), 6 hours–5 days old (phase II) and 5–14 days old (phase III). CML and NOX2 in the microvasculature were studied through immunohistochemical analysis.Results We observed a 2.5-fold increase in cerebral microvascular CML in patients with phase II and phase III MI (phase II: 21.39±7.91, p=0.004; phase III: 24.21±10.37, p=0.0007) compared with non-MI controls (8.55±2.98). NOX2 was increased in microvessels in patients with phase II MI (p=0.002) and phase III MI (p=0.04) compared with controls. No correlation was found between CML and NOX2 (r=0.58, p=0.13).Conclusions MI coincides with an increased presence of CML and NOX2 in the brain microvasculature. These data point to proinflammatory alterations in the brain microvasculature that may underlie MI-associated mental health disorders.https://openheart.bmj.com/content/8/2/e001842.full
spellingShingle Suat Simsek
Casper G Schalkwijk
Hans W M Niessen
Amber Korn
Umit Baylan
Paul A J Krijnen
Myocardial infarction coincides with increased NOX2 and Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine expression in the cerebral microvasculature
Open Heart
title Myocardial infarction coincides with increased NOX2 and Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine expression in the cerebral microvasculature
title_full Myocardial infarction coincides with increased NOX2 and Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine expression in the cerebral microvasculature
title_fullStr Myocardial infarction coincides with increased NOX2 and Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine expression in the cerebral microvasculature
title_full_unstemmed Myocardial infarction coincides with increased NOX2 and Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine expression in the cerebral microvasculature
title_short Myocardial infarction coincides with increased NOX2 and Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine expression in the cerebral microvasculature
title_sort myocardial infarction coincides with increased nox2 and nε carboxymethyl lysine expression in the cerebral microvasculature
url https://openheart.bmj.com/content/8/2/e001842.full
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