Evaluation of a modified IDEXX method for antimicrobial resistance monitoring of extended Beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in impacted waters near the U.S.-Mexico border

As part of a One Health approach, the World Health Organization (WHO) has deemed extended beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) as an appropriate proxy for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human, animal, and environmental samples. Traditional methods for ESBL-Ec quantification involv...

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Main Authors: Karina Jimenez, Yuwei Kong, Yuhui Zhang, Drew Ferketic, Sana K. Nagori, Julie Yang, Anastasia A. Yulo, Brianna Kramer, Ofelia G. Prado, Taylor Cason, Renee Chowdhry, Angela Kemsley, Leopoldo Mendoza Espinosa, Joshua A. Steele, John Griffith, Jennifer A. Jay
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:One Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425000333
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author Karina Jimenez
Yuwei Kong
Yuhui Zhang
Drew Ferketic
Sana K. Nagori
Julie Yang
Anastasia A. Yulo
Brianna Kramer
Ofelia G. Prado
Taylor Cason
Renee Chowdhry
Angela Kemsley
Leopoldo Mendoza Espinosa
Joshua A. Steele
John Griffith
Jennifer A. Jay
author_facet Karina Jimenez
Yuwei Kong
Yuhui Zhang
Drew Ferketic
Sana K. Nagori
Julie Yang
Anastasia A. Yulo
Brianna Kramer
Ofelia G. Prado
Taylor Cason
Renee Chowdhry
Angela Kemsley
Leopoldo Mendoza Espinosa
Joshua A. Steele
John Griffith
Jennifer A. Jay
author_sort Karina Jimenez
collection DOAJ
description As part of a One Health approach, the World Health Organization (WHO) has deemed extended beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) as an appropriate proxy for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human, animal, and environmental samples. Traditional methods for ESBL-Ec quantification involve a labor-intensive process of membrane filtration, culturing in the presence and absence of antibiotics, and colony confirmation. The emerging modified IDEXX method utilizes IDEXX Colilert-18 test kits, recognized by the USEPA for the enumeration of total coliforms and E. coli in water samples, modified with cefotaxime for measurement of ESBL-Ec in environmental samples. However, this method has yet to be validated for ocean or sewage-contaminated water and has not been compared against the plate-based method with mTEC for surface water. In this study, ESBL-Ec in ocean and river waters of the Tijuana River Estuary were analyzed by three methods: membrane filtration using mTEC plates (as outlined in USEPA Method 1603), membrane filtration using TBX plates (as outlined in the WHO Tricycle Protocol), and Colilert-18 spiked with cefotaxime (Hornsby et al., 2023). Levels of ESBL-Ec were elevated in the Tijuana River Estuary and nearby ocean samples, as high as 2.2 × 106 CFU/100 mL. The modified IDEXX method correlated with membrane filtration methods using selective mTEC (r = 0.967, p < 0.001, n = 14) and TBX (r = 0.95, p < 0.001, n = 14) agars. These results indicate that the modified IDEXX method can be used as a more accessible alternative to the traditional culturing methods as a screening tool for antibiotic resistance in urban aquatic environments. Advantages of the IDEXX-based method including portability, lower Biosafety Level requirements, fewer dilutions to stay within the dynamic range, greater ease of maintaining sterility during analysis, and less required staff training are discussed. Future studies into the validity of the modified IDEXX method compared to qPCR and metagenomic sequencing are needed.
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spelling doaj-art-23510838fa7d418bb982eb8aae602a682025-08-20T03:21:44ZengElsevierOne Health2352-77142025-06-012010099710.1016/j.onehlt.2025.100997Evaluation of a modified IDEXX method for antimicrobial resistance monitoring of extended Beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in impacted waters near the U.S.-Mexico borderKarina Jimenez0Yuwei Kong1Yuhui Zhang2Drew Ferketic3Sana K. Nagori4Julie Yang5Anastasia A. Yulo6Brianna Kramer7Ofelia G. Prado8Taylor Cason9Renee Chowdhry10Angela Kemsley11Leopoldo Mendoza Espinosa12Joshua A. Steele13John Griffith14Jennifer A. Jay15Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAInstitute of the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAConservation Director, WILDCOAST, Del Mar, CA 92014, USAInstituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Baja California, MexicoDepartment of Microbiology, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USADepartment of Microbiology, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USADepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Corresponding author.As part of a One Health approach, the World Health Organization (WHO) has deemed extended beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) as an appropriate proxy for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human, animal, and environmental samples. Traditional methods for ESBL-Ec quantification involve a labor-intensive process of membrane filtration, culturing in the presence and absence of antibiotics, and colony confirmation. The emerging modified IDEXX method utilizes IDEXX Colilert-18 test kits, recognized by the USEPA for the enumeration of total coliforms and E. coli in water samples, modified with cefotaxime for measurement of ESBL-Ec in environmental samples. However, this method has yet to be validated for ocean or sewage-contaminated water and has not been compared against the plate-based method with mTEC for surface water. In this study, ESBL-Ec in ocean and river waters of the Tijuana River Estuary were analyzed by three methods: membrane filtration using mTEC plates (as outlined in USEPA Method 1603), membrane filtration using TBX plates (as outlined in the WHO Tricycle Protocol), and Colilert-18 spiked with cefotaxime (Hornsby et al., 2023). Levels of ESBL-Ec were elevated in the Tijuana River Estuary and nearby ocean samples, as high as 2.2 × 106 CFU/100 mL. The modified IDEXX method correlated with membrane filtration methods using selective mTEC (r = 0.967, p < 0.001, n = 14) and TBX (r = 0.95, p < 0.001, n = 14) agars. These results indicate that the modified IDEXX method can be used as a more accessible alternative to the traditional culturing methods as a screening tool for antibiotic resistance in urban aquatic environments. Advantages of the IDEXX-based method including portability, lower Biosafety Level requirements, fewer dilutions to stay within the dynamic range, greater ease of maintaining sterility during analysis, and less required staff training are discussed. Future studies into the validity of the modified IDEXX method compared to qPCR and metagenomic sequencing are needed.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425000333ESBL-ECTricycle protocolAntimicrobial resistance
spellingShingle Karina Jimenez
Yuwei Kong
Yuhui Zhang
Drew Ferketic
Sana K. Nagori
Julie Yang
Anastasia A. Yulo
Brianna Kramer
Ofelia G. Prado
Taylor Cason
Renee Chowdhry
Angela Kemsley
Leopoldo Mendoza Espinosa
Joshua A. Steele
John Griffith
Jennifer A. Jay
Evaluation of a modified IDEXX method for antimicrobial resistance monitoring of extended Beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in impacted waters near the U.S.-Mexico border
One Health
ESBL-EC
Tricycle protocol
Antimicrobial resistance
title Evaluation of a modified IDEXX method for antimicrobial resistance monitoring of extended Beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in impacted waters near the U.S.-Mexico border
title_full Evaluation of a modified IDEXX method for antimicrobial resistance monitoring of extended Beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in impacted waters near the U.S.-Mexico border
title_fullStr Evaluation of a modified IDEXX method for antimicrobial resistance monitoring of extended Beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in impacted waters near the U.S.-Mexico border
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of a modified IDEXX method for antimicrobial resistance monitoring of extended Beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in impacted waters near the U.S.-Mexico border
title_short Evaluation of a modified IDEXX method for antimicrobial resistance monitoring of extended Beta-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli in impacted waters near the U.S.-Mexico border
title_sort evaluation of a modified idexx method for antimicrobial resistance monitoring of extended beta lactamases producing escherichia coli in impacted waters near the u s mexico border
topic ESBL-EC
Tricycle protocol
Antimicrobial resistance
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425000333
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