Predisposing Factors for Coronary Vasospasm in Prinzmetal Angina - A Literature Review

Introduction and Purpose: Prinzmetal angina or vasospastic angina (VSA) is cardiac ischemia caused by spasm of the coronary arteries. It is characterized by chest pain at rest and ST-segment elevation on electrocardiographic (ECG). Vasospasm can be focal or diffuse, but VSA often remains undiagnose...

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Main Authors: Patrycja Znamirowska, Klaudia Mularczyk, Monika Paszkowska, Łukasz Karaban, Magdalena Kupis, Anna Jakubiak, Joanna Miśkiewicz, Michał Borawski, Aleksandra Ciuła, Tadeusz Kuźnieców
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2025-05-01
Series:Quality in Sport
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Online Access:https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60317
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author Patrycja Znamirowska
Klaudia Mularczyk
Monika Paszkowska
Łukasz Karaban
Magdalena Kupis
Anna Jakubiak
Joanna Miśkiewicz
Michał Borawski
Aleksandra Ciuła
Tadeusz Kuźnieców
author_facet Patrycja Znamirowska
Klaudia Mularczyk
Monika Paszkowska
Łukasz Karaban
Magdalena Kupis
Anna Jakubiak
Joanna Miśkiewicz
Michał Borawski
Aleksandra Ciuła
Tadeusz Kuźnieców
author_sort Patrycja Znamirowska
collection DOAJ
description Introduction and Purpose: Prinzmetal angina or vasospastic angina (VSA) is cardiac ischemia caused by spasm of the coronary arteries. It is characterized by chest pain at rest and ST-segment elevation on electrocardiographic (ECG). Vasospasm can be focal or diffuse, but VSA often remains undiagnosed. The purpose of this study is to present risk factors for coronary vasospasm in Prinzmetal angina based on the available literature. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted from the PubMed database, covering studies from 2015-2025. Meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials were analyzed. Key phrases such as “Prinzmetal angina,” “risk factors” and “angina pectoris” were used. Selected papers were evaluated for results and conclusions. Description of the State of Knowledge: Symptoms of VSA include recurrent chest pain, relieved by nitrates. They occur at rest, mainly at night. VSA can be asymptomatic, leading to arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death. Diagnosis requires criteria, including confirmation of coronary artery spasm with more than 90% stenosis, observed during provocative testing. Conclusions: VSA is associated with genetic and environmental factors, such as smoking, hyperthyroidism and chronic inflammation. Despite its coexistence with coronary artery disease, its presence does not always negatively affect prognosis. Further research may contribute to better diagnosis and personalization of therapy.
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publisher Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
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spelling doaj-art-234ef6fcb01747c5b690ef4f031cc8562025-08-20T02:15:06ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182025-05-014110.12775/QS.2025.41.60317Predisposing Factors for Coronary Vasospasm in Prinzmetal Angina - A Literature ReviewPatrycja Znamirowska0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7538-5315Klaudia Mularczyk1https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3250-7806Monika Paszkowska2https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2006-0098Łukasz Karaban3https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9285-469XMagdalena Kupis4https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4454-5866Anna Jakubiak5https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0973-7591Joanna Miśkiewicz6https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3300-940XMichał Borawski7https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4864-7336Aleksandra Ciuła8https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0425-863XTadeusz Kuźnieców9https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2120-9549Specialist Hospital Dr. Tytus Chałubiński in Radom Lekarska 4, 26-610 Radom, PolandMiędzylesie Specialist Hospital in Warsaw Bursztynowa 2, 04-749 Warsaw, PolandMiędzylesie Specialist Hospital in Warsaw Bursztynowa 2, 04-749 Warsaw, PolandMiędzylesie Specialist Hospital in Warsaw Bursztynowa 2, 04-749 Warsaw, PolandCasimir Pulaski University of Radom, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health SciencesNational Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, PolandProvincial Hospital in Kielce Grunwaldzka 45, 25-736 Kielce, PolandBrothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God Hospital in Cracow Trynitarska 11, 31-061 Cracow, PolandBrothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God Hospital in CracowMiędzylesie Specialist Hospital in Warsaw, Bursztynowa 2, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland Introduction and Purpose: Prinzmetal angina or vasospastic angina (VSA) is cardiac ischemia caused by spasm of the coronary arteries. It is characterized by chest pain at rest and ST-segment elevation on electrocardiographic (ECG). Vasospasm can be focal or diffuse, but VSA often remains undiagnosed. The purpose of this study is to present risk factors for coronary vasospasm in Prinzmetal angina based on the available literature. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted from the PubMed database, covering studies from 2015-2025. Meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials were analyzed. Key phrases such as “Prinzmetal angina,” “risk factors” and “angina pectoris” were used. Selected papers were evaluated for results and conclusions. Description of the State of Knowledge: Symptoms of VSA include recurrent chest pain, relieved by nitrates. They occur at rest, mainly at night. VSA can be asymptomatic, leading to arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death. Diagnosis requires criteria, including confirmation of coronary artery spasm with more than 90% stenosis, observed during provocative testing. Conclusions: VSA is associated with genetic and environmental factors, such as smoking, hyperthyroidism and chronic inflammation. Despite its coexistence with coronary artery disease, its presence does not always negatively affect prognosis. Further research may contribute to better diagnosis and personalization of therapy. https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60317Prinzmetal anginaangina pectorisrisk factors for angina pectoris
spellingShingle Patrycja Znamirowska
Klaudia Mularczyk
Monika Paszkowska
Łukasz Karaban
Magdalena Kupis
Anna Jakubiak
Joanna Miśkiewicz
Michał Borawski
Aleksandra Ciuła
Tadeusz Kuźnieców
Predisposing Factors for Coronary Vasospasm in Prinzmetal Angina - A Literature Review
Quality in Sport
Prinzmetal angina
angina pectoris
risk factors for angina pectoris
title Predisposing Factors for Coronary Vasospasm in Prinzmetal Angina - A Literature Review
title_full Predisposing Factors for Coronary Vasospasm in Prinzmetal Angina - A Literature Review
title_fullStr Predisposing Factors for Coronary Vasospasm in Prinzmetal Angina - A Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Predisposing Factors for Coronary Vasospasm in Prinzmetal Angina - A Literature Review
title_short Predisposing Factors for Coronary Vasospasm in Prinzmetal Angina - A Literature Review
title_sort predisposing factors for coronary vasospasm in prinzmetal angina a literature review
topic Prinzmetal angina
angina pectoris
risk factors for angina pectoris
url https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/60317
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AT łukaszkaraban predisposingfactorsforcoronaryvasospasminprinzmetalanginaaliteraturereview
AT magdalenakupis predisposingfactorsforcoronaryvasospasminprinzmetalanginaaliteraturereview
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