Short-term fasting enhances the resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Aeromonas hydrophila: Impacts on gut microbiota, glucose, and oxidative stress
Background and Aim: Aeromonas hydrophila is a significant pathogen in freshwater aquaculture, contributing to high morbidity and mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Conventional reliance on antibiotics raises concerns about resistance and environmental impact. This study aimed to evaluate th...
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Veterinary World
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/July-2025/16.pdf |
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| author | Dahliatul Qosimah Tiara Widyaputri Muhamad Firman Ataullah Syifa Fu’ada Zackya Najib Atsir Farhan Fathia Zahra Aulia Putri Anggieta Ratuyustiarany |
| author_facet | Dahliatul Qosimah Tiara Widyaputri Muhamad Firman Ataullah Syifa Fu’ada Zackya Najib Atsir Farhan Fathia Zahra Aulia Putri Anggieta Ratuyustiarany |
| author_sort | Dahliatul Qosimah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Aeromonas hydrophila is a significant pathogen in freshwater aquaculture, contributing to high morbidity and mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Conventional reliance on antibiotics raises concerns about resistance and environmental impact. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of short-term fasting (1 or 2 days) on physiological, oxidative stress, and microbial responses in C. carpio infected with A. hydrophila.
Materials and Methods: Sixty C. carpio were divided into four groups (n = 15): negative control (uninfected), positive control (infected), T1 (1-day fasting + infected), and T2 (2-day fasting + infected). Infections were induced by immersion in an A. hydrophila suspension (108 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL). Three days post-infection, blood was collected for glucose and hemoglobin analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in head kidney tissue were assessed as a marker of oxidative stress. Gut samples were analyzed for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) through standard plate counts. Statistical comparisons were made using a one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis tests (p < 0.05).
Results: The T2 group (2-day fasting) exhibited significantly better physiological responses than T1 and the positive control. Blood glucose levels in T2 (83.5 ± 1.71 mg/dL) were significantly lower than the positive control (127 ± 3.85 mg/dL), but within the normal range. Hemoglobin levels were highest in T2 (7.8 ± 0.27 g/dL), indicating preserved oxygen-carrying capacity. MDA levels, though not statistically different, were lowest in T2 (14.42 ± 0.60 mg/L), suggesting reduced oxidative stress. LAB counts were highest in T2 (1.69 × 109 CFU/g), indicating improved gut microbiota balance.
Conclusion: A 2-day fasting regimen enhanced disease resistance in C. carpio by modulating glucose metabolism, preserving hematological integrity, reducing oxidative stress, and enriching beneficial gut microbiota. These findings support short-term fasting as a promising non-pharmacological strategy for managing bacterial infections in aquaculture, with the potential to reduce antibiotic dependence. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-232ebd59eb604f5989b964fc83541cfd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
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| spelling | doaj-art-232ebd59eb604f5989b964fc83541cfd2025-08-20T02:50:08ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162025-07-011871955196310.14202/vetworld.2025.1955-1963Short-term fasting enhances the resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Aeromonas hydrophila: Impacts on gut microbiota, glucose, and oxidative stressDahliatul Qosimah0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0005-3407Tiara Widyaputri1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1689-0728Muhamad Firman Ataullah2Syifa Fu’ada3https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5058-837XZackya Najib4https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5441-1728Atsir Farhan5https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5241-4971Fathia Zahra Aulia Putri6https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4363-867XAnggieta Ratuyustiarany7Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65151, Indonesia.Veterinary Clinical Pathology and Experimental Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65151, Indonesia.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65151, Indonesia. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65151, Indonesia.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65151, Indonesia.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65151, Indonesia.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65151, Indonesia.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65151, Indonesia.Background and Aim: Aeromonas hydrophila is a significant pathogen in freshwater aquaculture, contributing to high morbidity and mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Conventional reliance on antibiotics raises concerns about resistance and environmental impact. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of short-term fasting (1 or 2 days) on physiological, oxidative stress, and microbial responses in C. carpio infected with A. hydrophila. Materials and Methods: Sixty C. carpio were divided into four groups (n = 15): negative control (uninfected), positive control (infected), T1 (1-day fasting + infected), and T2 (2-day fasting + infected). Infections were induced by immersion in an A. hydrophila suspension (108 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL). Three days post-infection, blood was collected for glucose and hemoglobin analysis. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in head kidney tissue were assessed as a marker of oxidative stress. Gut samples were analyzed for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) through standard plate counts. Statistical comparisons were made using a one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis tests (p < 0.05). Results: The T2 group (2-day fasting) exhibited significantly better physiological responses than T1 and the positive control. Blood glucose levels in T2 (83.5 ± 1.71 mg/dL) were significantly lower than the positive control (127 ± 3.85 mg/dL), but within the normal range. Hemoglobin levels were highest in T2 (7.8 ± 0.27 g/dL), indicating preserved oxygen-carrying capacity. MDA levels, though not statistically different, were lowest in T2 (14.42 ± 0.60 mg/L), suggesting reduced oxidative stress. LAB counts were highest in T2 (1.69 × 109 CFU/g), indicating improved gut microbiota balance. Conclusion: A 2-day fasting regimen enhanced disease resistance in C. carpio by modulating glucose metabolism, preserving hematological integrity, reducing oxidative stress, and enriching beneficial gut microbiota. These findings support short-term fasting as a promising non-pharmacological strategy for managing bacterial infections in aquaculture, with the potential to reduce antibiotic dependence.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/July-2025/16.pdfaeromonas hydrophilacommon carpfastingglucosehemoglobinlactic acid bacteriaoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Dahliatul Qosimah Tiara Widyaputri Muhamad Firman Ataullah Syifa Fu’ada Zackya Najib Atsir Farhan Fathia Zahra Aulia Putri Anggieta Ratuyustiarany Short-term fasting enhances the resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Aeromonas hydrophila: Impacts on gut microbiota, glucose, and oxidative stress Veterinary World aeromonas hydrophila common carp fasting glucose hemoglobin lactic acid bacteria oxidative stress |
| title | Short-term fasting enhances the resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Aeromonas hydrophila: Impacts on gut microbiota, glucose, and oxidative stress |
| title_full | Short-term fasting enhances the resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Aeromonas hydrophila: Impacts on gut microbiota, glucose, and oxidative stress |
| title_fullStr | Short-term fasting enhances the resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Aeromonas hydrophila: Impacts on gut microbiota, glucose, and oxidative stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Short-term fasting enhances the resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Aeromonas hydrophila: Impacts on gut microbiota, glucose, and oxidative stress |
| title_short | Short-term fasting enhances the resistance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to Aeromonas hydrophila: Impacts on gut microbiota, glucose, and oxidative stress |
| title_sort | short term fasting enhances the resistance of common carp cyprinus carpio to aeromonas hydrophila impacts on gut microbiota glucose and oxidative stress |
| topic | aeromonas hydrophila common carp fasting glucose hemoglobin lactic acid bacteria oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/July-2025/16.pdf |
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