Bus Arrival Time Prediction Based on the Optimized Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network Model With the Improved Whale Algorithm

Accurate prediction of bus arrival time is essential to achieve efficient bus dispatch and improve bus trip sharing rate. This article proposes using the improved whale optimization algorithm–long short-term memory (IWOA–LSTM) model to predict bus arrival times and improving the whale algorithm by o...

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Main Authors: Bing Zhang, Lingfeng Tang, Dandan Zhou, Kexin Liu, Yunqiang Xue
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-01-01
Series:Journal of Advanced Transportation
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6997338
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author Bing Zhang
Lingfeng Tang
Dandan Zhou
Kexin Liu
Yunqiang Xue
author_facet Bing Zhang
Lingfeng Tang
Dandan Zhou
Kexin Liu
Yunqiang Xue
author_sort Bing Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Accurate prediction of bus arrival time is essential to achieve efficient bus dispatch and improve bus trip sharing rate. This article proposes using the improved whale optimization algorithm–long short-term memory (IWOA–LSTM) model to predict bus arrival times and improving the whale algorithm by optimizing the hyperparameters of the LSTM model, so that the advantages and disadvantages of the whale algorithm and the LSTM model can complement each other, thus enhancing the robustness of the model. Initially, the bus arrival process and its associated influencing factors are analyzed, with certain factors being quantified to serve as input features for the prediction model. After processing the GPS data of the No. 220 bus in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, the proposed prediction model is analyzed and validated using an example and compared with other prediction models. The results show that the IWOA–LSTM prediction model has the best-fitting effect between the predicted values and actual values in all time periods. Its MAPE, RMSE, and MAE have been reduced by at least 9.47%, 12.77%, and 8.93%, respectively, and the overall R2 has been improved by at least 10.65%. These results indicate that the model has the best predictive performance.
format Article
id doaj-art-23262badfc6343d591bd2f7d469a7246
institution Kabale University
issn 2042-3195
language English
publishDate 2024-01-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Journal of Advanced Transportation
spelling doaj-art-23262badfc6343d591bd2f7d469a72462025-08-20T03:54:48ZengWileyJournal of Advanced Transportation2042-31952024-01-01202410.1155/2024/6997338Bus Arrival Time Prediction Based on the Optimized Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network Model With the Improved Whale AlgorithmBing Zhang0Lingfeng Tang1Dandan Zhou2Kexin Liu3Yunqiang Xue4Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Stereoscopic Traffic Information Perception and FusionTraffic Engineering Safety Technical Inspection StationZhejiang University Urban-Planning & Design Institute Co., LtdSchool of Transportation EngineeringSchool of Transportation EngineeringAccurate prediction of bus arrival time is essential to achieve efficient bus dispatch and improve bus trip sharing rate. This article proposes using the improved whale optimization algorithm–long short-term memory (IWOA–LSTM) model to predict bus arrival times and improving the whale algorithm by optimizing the hyperparameters of the LSTM model, so that the advantages and disadvantages of the whale algorithm and the LSTM model can complement each other, thus enhancing the robustness of the model. Initially, the bus arrival process and its associated influencing factors are analyzed, with certain factors being quantified to serve as input features for the prediction model. After processing the GPS data of the No. 220 bus in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, the proposed prediction model is analyzed and validated using an example and compared with other prediction models. The results show that the IWOA–LSTM prediction model has the best-fitting effect between the predicted values and actual values in all time periods. Its MAPE, RMSE, and MAE have been reduced by at least 9.47%, 12.77%, and 8.93%, respectively, and the overall R2 has been improved by at least 10.65%. These results indicate that the model has the best predictive performance.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6997338
spellingShingle Bing Zhang
Lingfeng Tang
Dandan Zhou
Kexin Liu
Yunqiang Xue
Bus Arrival Time Prediction Based on the Optimized Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network Model With the Improved Whale Algorithm
Journal of Advanced Transportation
title Bus Arrival Time Prediction Based on the Optimized Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network Model With the Improved Whale Algorithm
title_full Bus Arrival Time Prediction Based on the Optimized Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network Model With the Improved Whale Algorithm
title_fullStr Bus Arrival Time Prediction Based on the Optimized Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network Model With the Improved Whale Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Bus Arrival Time Prediction Based on the Optimized Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network Model With the Improved Whale Algorithm
title_short Bus Arrival Time Prediction Based on the Optimized Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network Model With the Improved Whale Algorithm
title_sort bus arrival time prediction based on the optimized long short term memory neural network model with the improved whale algorithm
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6997338
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AT dandanzhou busarrivaltimepredictionbasedontheoptimizedlongshorttermmemoryneuralnetworkmodelwiththeimprovedwhalealgorithm
AT kexinliu busarrivaltimepredictionbasedontheoptimizedlongshorttermmemoryneuralnetworkmodelwiththeimprovedwhalealgorithm
AT yunqiangxue busarrivaltimepredictionbasedontheoptimizedlongshorttermmemoryneuralnetworkmodelwiththeimprovedwhalealgorithm