The Vertebral Bone Marrow clot as cell therapy and multifunctional bioscaffold for spinal fusion surgery: protocol for a randomized clinical trial

IntroductionSpinal fusion (SF) represents a commonly performed orthopedic surgical procedure, and to enhance its success rate, various adjunctive therapies have been explored, including the application of local autografts, bone allografts, and different formulations of Bone Marrow Aspirate (BMA). Am...

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Main Authors: Maria Sartori, Giuseppe Tedesco, Paolo Spinnato, Antonio Mazzotti, Alessandro Gasbarrini, Cesare Faldini, Marco Miceli, Gianluca Giavaresi, Francesca Salamanna
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1591041/full
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author Maria Sartori
Giuseppe Tedesco
Paolo Spinnato
Antonio Mazzotti
Antonio Mazzotti
Alessandro Gasbarrini
Alessandro Gasbarrini
Cesare Faldini
Cesare Faldini
Marco Miceli
Gianluca Giavaresi
Francesca Salamanna
author_facet Maria Sartori
Giuseppe Tedesco
Paolo Spinnato
Antonio Mazzotti
Antonio Mazzotti
Alessandro Gasbarrini
Alessandro Gasbarrini
Cesare Faldini
Cesare Faldini
Marco Miceli
Gianluca Giavaresi
Francesca Salamanna
author_sort Maria Sartori
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionSpinal fusion (SF) represents a commonly performed orthopedic surgical procedure, and to enhance its success rate, various adjunctive therapies have been explored, including the application of local autografts, bone allografts, and different formulations of Bone Marrow Aspirate (BMA). Among these, Vertebral Bone Marrow Aspirate (vBMA) clot emerges as an innovative and promising avenue for future development. The primary challenge in using vBMA clot for SF procedures lies in the lack of high-level clinical evidence demonstrating whether its combination with bone allograft chips is superior to using bone allograft chips alone. Additionally, there is a shortage of preclinical studies investigating the intrinsic biological, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties of vBMA clots.Methods and analysisPatients with degenerative lumbar spine diseases (aged 18–80 years, with ≤5 levels involved) are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to undergo SF with autologous vBMA clot associated with bone allograft chips or bone allograft chips alone by a blinded experimenter, who is not involved in the RCT. The primary aim is to evaluate the SF rate and time in the two groups as well as consider age and gender differences. SF rate and time are evaluated with CT scans and x-rays and performed preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up (FU). Using the Brantigan classification, quantitative CT analyses of facet joint space density are calculated at baseline and in follow-up controls to complement the standard qualitative visual scale. CT and X-rays will be assessed in a blinded manner by a diagnostic and interventional radiologist. The secondary outcome is to evaluate the pseudoarthrosis rate estimated using the Brantigan classification, and the clinical outcomes are assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire by comparing baseline (pre-surgery) values with those at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of FUs. All scores and the questionnaire will be evaluated by a blinded assessor. Complications are also recorded and classified as early (major and minor) or late, according to the time of occurrence and findings at 12 months post-surgery. Finally, the preclinical project outcome is to define the biological and anti-inflammatory properties of vBMA clot and demonstrate its antibacterial effect, assessing age and gender differences and including an examination of their interactions.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05947175.
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spelling doaj-art-2321eb158713470a8bbd77cd2e7be6692025-08-20T03:48:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-05-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15910411591041The Vertebral Bone Marrow clot as cell therapy and multifunctional bioscaffold for spinal fusion surgery: protocol for a randomized clinical trialMaria Sartori0Giuseppe Tedesco1Paolo Spinnato2Antonio Mazzotti3Antonio Mazzotti4Alessandro Gasbarrini5Alessandro Gasbarrini6Cesare Faldini7Cesare Faldini8Marco Miceli9Gianluca Giavaresi10Francesca Salamanna11Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, ItalyDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science-DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, ItalySurgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, ItalySurgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, ItalyIntroductionSpinal fusion (SF) represents a commonly performed orthopedic surgical procedure, and to enhance its success rate, various adjunctive therapies have been explored, including the application of local autografts, bone allografts, and different formulations of Bone Marrow Aspirate (BMA). Among these, Vertebral Bone Marrow Aspirate (vBMA) clot emerges as an innovative and promising avenue for future development. The primary challenge in using vBMA clot for SF procedures lies in the lack of high-level clinical evidence demonstrating whether its combination with bone allograft chips is superior to using bone allograft chips alone. Additionally, there is a shortage of preclinical studies investigating the intrinsic biological, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties of vBMA clots.Methods and analysisPatients with degenerative lumbar spine diseases (aged 18–80 years, with ≤5 levels involved) are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to undergo SF with autologous vBMA clot associated with bone allograft chips or bone allograft chips alone by a blinded experimenter, who is not involved in the RCT. The primary aim is to evaluate the SF rate and time in the two groups as well as consider age and gender differences. SF rate and time are evaluated with CT scans and x-rays and performed preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up (FU). Using the Brantigan classification, quantitative CT analyses of facet joint space density are calculated at baseline and in follow-up controls to complement the standard qualitative visual scale. CT and X-rays will be assessed in a blinded manner by a diagnostic and interventional radiologist. The secondary outcome is to evaluate the pseudoarthrosis rate estimated using the Brantigan classification, and the clinical outcomes are assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire by comparing baseline (pre-surgery) values with those at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of FUs. All scores and the questionnaire will be evaluated by a blinded assessor. Complications are also recorded and classified as early (major and minor) or late, according to the time of occurrence and findings at 12 months post-surgery. Finally, the preclinical project outcome is to define the biological and anti-inflammatory properties of vBMA clot and demonstrate its antibacterial effect, assessing age and gender differences and including an examination of their interactions.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05947175.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1591041/fullVertebral Bone Marrow clotcell therapymultifunctional bioscaffoldspinal fusion surgeryprotocolrandomized clinical trial
spellingShingle Maria Sartori
Giuseppe Tedesco
Paolo Spinnato
Antonio Mazzotti
Antonio Mazzotti
Alessandro Gasbarrini
Alessandro Gasbarrini
Cesare Faldini
Cesare Faldini
Marco Miceli
Gianluca Giavaresi
Francesca Salamanna
The Vertebral Bone Marrow clot as cell therapy and multifunctional bioscaffold for spinal fusion surgery: protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Frontiers in Medicine
Vertebral Bone Marrow clot
cell therapy
multifunctional bioscaffold
spinal fusion surgery
protocol
randomized clinical trial
title The Vertebral Bone Marrow clot as cell therapy and multifunctional bioscaffold for spinal fusion surgery: protocol for a randomized clinical trial
title_full The Vertebral Bone Marrow clot as cell therapy and multifunctional bioscaffold for spinal fusion surgery: protocol for a randomized clinical trial
title_fullStr The Vertebral Bone Marrow clot as cell therapy and multifunctional bioscaffold for spinal fusion surgery: protocol for a randomized clinical trial
title_full_unstemmed The Vertebral Bone Marrow clot as cell therapy and multifunctional bioscaffold for spinal fusion surgery: protocol for a randomized clinical trial
title_short The Vertebral Bone Marrow clot as cell therapy and multifunctional bioscaffold for spinal fusion surgery: protocol for a randomized clinical trial
title_sort vertebral bone marrow clot as cell therapy and multifunctional bioscaffold for spinal fusion surgery protocol for a randomized clinical trial
topic Vertebral Bone Marrow clot
cell therapy
multifunctional bioscaffold
spinal fusion surgery
protocol
randomized clinical trial
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1591041/full
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