The Effect of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Gene Combinations of <i>cagA</i>, <i>cagE</i>, <i>virB11</i>, <i>vacA</i>, and <i>babA</i> on the Outcome of Gastric Disease in a Southern Moroccan Population
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) possess an arsenal of virulence genes that makes them the main etiological factor in gastric diseases. In this study, 120 southern Moroccan patients who were dyspeptic were profiled to investigate the potential association between...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Mariama Barhoine Fatima Moustaoui Omayma Hammani Mohamed Aghrouch Zohra Lemkhente Zineb Belhabib Zineb Bajaddoub Anass Touyar Nourdin Aqoudad Bouchra Rherissi Nadia El Kadmiri Youssef Idaghdour Fatima Boubrik Ahmed Belmouden |
| author_facet | Mariama Barhoine Fatima Moustaoui Omayma Hammani Mohamed Aghrouch Zohra Lemkhente Zineb Belhabib Zineb Bajaddoub Anass Touyar Nourdin Aqoudad Bouchra Rherissi Nadia El Kadmiri Youssef Idaghdour Fatima Boubrik Ahmed Belmouden |
| author_sort | Mariama Barhoine |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) possess an arsenal of virulence genes that makes them the main etiological factor in gastric diseases. In this study, 120 southern Moroccan patients who were dyspeptic were profiled to investigate the potential association between disease severity and the combination of multiple virulence genes. Gastric biopsies were taken from patients, followed by histopathological evaluation and genotyping of <i>H. pylori</i> using PCR. <i>H. pylori</i> was detected in 58.3% of cases, and genotypes were distributed as follows: <i>oipA</i> (94.3%), <i>cagA</i> (62.9%), <i>virB11</i> (60%), <i>babA</i> (55.7%), <i>dupA</i> (54.3%), <i>cagE</i> (51.4%), <i>iceA1</i> (31.4%), <i>iceA2</i> (45.7%), <i>vacA s2m2</i> (47.1%), <i>vacA s1m1</i> (30%), and <i>vacA s1m2</i> (7.1%). Statistically significant associations with males were observed for the <i>cagA</i>, <i>cagE</i>, and <i>virB11</i> genes and multiple strain infections. Multivariate analysis revealed an association between <i>cagE</i> and heightened neutrophil activity, with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.99 (<i>p</i> = 0.03). The gene combination [<i>cagA</i> (+), <i>cagE</i> (+), <i>virB11</i> (+), <i>vacA s1m1</i>, and <i>babA</i> (+)] emerged as a predictive factor for gastric cancer (OR = 11.10, <i>p</i> = 0.046), while the combination [<i>cagA</i> (-), <i>cagE</i> (-), <i>virB11</i> (-), <i>vacA s2m2</i>, <i>babA</i> (+)] was associated with gastric atrophy (OR = 10.25, <i>p</i> = 0.016). Age (≤40 years) (OR = 5.87, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and moderate to severe bacterial density (OR = 15.38, <i>p</i> = 0.017) were identified as predictive factors for follicular gastritis. These findings underscore the significance of multigene profiling as a prognostic marker and emphasize the importance of age and sex in preventing adverse outcomes in severe gastric diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-230b0d055aa440efa99b4781edb68315 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-230b0d055aa440efa99b4781edb683152025-08-20T02:42:28ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-03-0114327910.3390/pathogens14030279The Effect of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Gene Combinations of <i>cagA</i>, <i>cagE</i>, <i>virB11</i>, <i>vacA</i>, and <i>babA</i> on the Outcome of Gastric Disease in a Southern Moroccan PopulationMariama Barhoine0Fatima Moustaoui1Omayma Hammani2Mohamed Aghrouch3Zohra Lemkhente4Zineb Belhabib5Zineb Bajaddoub6Anass Touyar7Nourdin Aqoudad8Bouchra Rherissi9Nadia El Kadmiri10Youssef Idaghdour11Fatima Boubrik12Ahmed Belmouden13Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir 80000, MoroccoCell Biology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir 80000, MoroccoCell Biology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir 80000, MoroccoMedical Analysis Laboratory, Regional Hospital Centre Hassan II, Agadir 80000, MoroccoMedical-Surgical, Biomedicine and Infectiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir 80000, MoroccoGastroenterology Practice, Agadir 80000, MoroccoGastroenterology Unit, Mokhtar Soussi Hospital, Taroudant 83000, MoroccoGastroenterology Unit, Hassan II Hospital, Agadir 80000, MoroccoFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Agadir, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir 80000, MoroccoCell Biology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir 80000, MoroccoGeo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Ibnou Zohr University, Taroudant 83000, MoroccoCenter for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab EmiratesCell Biology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir 80000, MoroccoCell Biology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) possess an arsenal of virulence genes that makes them the main etiological factor in gastric diseases. In this study, 120 southern Moroccan patients who were dyspeptic were profiled to investigate the potential association between disease severity and the combination of multiple virulence genes. Gastric biopsies were taken from patients, followed by histopathological evaluation and genotyping of <i>H. pylori</i> using PCR. <i>H. pylori</i> was detected in 58.3% of cases, and genotypes were distributed as follows: <i>oipA</i> (94.3%), <i>cagA</i> (62.9%), <i>virB11</i> (60%), <i>babA</i> (55.7%), <i>dupA</i> (54.3%), <i>cagE</i> (51.4%), <i>iceA1</i> (31.4%), <i>iceA2</i> (45.7%), <i>vacA s2m2</i> (47.1%), <i>vacA s1m1</i> (30%), and <i>vacA s1m2</i> (7.1%). Statistically significant associations with males were observed for the <i>cagA</i>, <i>cagE</i>, and <i>virB11</i> genes and multiple strain infections. Multivariate analysis revealed an association between <i>cagE</i> and heightened neutrophil activity, with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.99 (<i>p</i> = 0.03). The gene combination [<i>cagA</i> (+), <i>cagE</i> (+), <i>virB11</i> (+), <i>vacA s1m1</i>, and <i>babA</i> (+)] emerged as a predictive factor for gastric cancer (OR = 11.10, <i>p</i> = 0.046), while the combination [<i>cagA</i> (-), <i>cagE</i> (-), <i>virB11</i> (-), <i>vacA s2m2</i>, <i>babA</i> (+)] was associated with gastric atrophy (OR = 10.25, <i>p</i> = 0.016). Age (≤40 years) (OR = 5.87, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and moderate to severe bacterial density (OR = 15.38, <i>p</i> = 0.017) were identified as predictive factors for follicular gastritis. These findings underscore the significance of multigene profiling as a prognostic marker and emphasize the importance of age and sex in preventing adverse outcomes in severe gastric diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/3/279<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>virulence genesgastric diseaseMorocco |
| spellingShingle | Mariama Barhoine Fatima Moustaoui Omayma Hammani Mohamed Aghrouch Zohra Lemkhente Zineb Belhabib Zineb Bajaddoub Anass Touyar Nourdin Aqoudad Bouchra Rherissi Nadia El Kadmiri Youssef Idaghdour Fatima Boubrik Ahmed Belmouden The Effect of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Gene Combinations of <i>cagA</i>, <i>cagE</i>, <i>virB11</i>, <i>vacA</i>, and <i>babA</i> on the Outcome of Gastric Disease in a Southern Moroccan Population Pathogens <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> virulence genes gastric disease Morocco |
| title | The Effect of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Gene Combinations of <i>cagA</i>, <i>cagE</i>, <i>virB11</i>, <i>vacA</i>, and <i>babA</i> on the Outcome of Gastric Disease in a Southern Moroccan Population |
| title_full | The Effect of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Gene Combinations of <i>cagA</i>, <i>cagE</i>, <i>virB11</i>, <i>vacA</i>, and <i>babA</i> on the Outcome of Gastric Disease in a Southern Moroccan Population |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Gene Combinations of <i>cagA</i>, <i>cagE</i>, <i>virB11</i>, <i>vacA</i>, and <i>babA</i> on the Outcome of Gastric Disease in a Southern Moroccan Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Gene Combinations of <i>cagA</i>, <i>cagE</i>, <i>virB11</i>, <i>vacA</i>, and <i>babA</i> on the Outcome of Gastric Disease in a Southern Moroccan Population |
| title_short | The Effect of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Gene Combinations of <i>cagA</i>, <i>cagE</i>, <i>virB11</i>, <i>vacA</i>, and <i>babA</i> on the Outcome of Gastric Disease in a Southern Moroccan Population |
| title_sort | effect of i helicobacter pylori i gene combinations of i caga i i cage i i virb11 i i vaca i and i baba i on the outcome of gastric disease in a southern moroccan population |
| topic | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> virulence genes gastric disease Morocco |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/3/279 |
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