Investigating Meteorological Factors Influencing Pollutant Concentrations and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Model Forecasts in the Tehran Metropolis
In recent years, air pollution has become a significant issue for megacities. This study analyzed the air pollution levels in Tehran and the relationship between pollutant concentrations and atmospheric quantities during 2023. The correlation coefficients between wind speed, temperature, mean sea le...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Sara Karami Zahra Ghassabi Noushin Khoddam Maral Habibi |
| author_facet | Sara Karami Zahra Ghassabi Noushin Khoddam Maral Habibi |
| author_sort | Sara Karami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, air pollution has become a significant issue for megacities. This study analyzed the air pollution levels in Tehran and the relationship between pollutant concentrations and atmospheric quantities during 2023. The correlation coefficients between wind speed, temperature, mean sea level pressure (MSLP), and relative humidity (RH) were calculated against the concentrations of NO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Additionally, one case study was conducted for each pollutant. Approximately 72% of haze phenomena in Tehran were recorded in November, December, and January. The monthly pattern of PM<sub>10</sub> concentration indicated higher levels in the southern and western parts of Tehran. For PM<sub>2.5</sub>, in addition to these areas, significant concentrations were also observed in the central and eastern parts. NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were found to be higher in the northeast and northern areas. An inverse relationship was found between wind speed and temperature with pollutant concentrations. Positive correlations between MSLP and pollutant concentrations suggested that the pollutant levels also increased as air pressure rose. RH showed a significant direct relationship with PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub>. Synoptic analysis revealed that PM<sub>10</sub> case studies often occurred during the warm season, with a thermal low pressure situated over the Iranian plateau. During PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> pollution events, Tehran was influenced by high pressure, and 10 m wind speeds were weak. Finally, verification of the 24 h forecast of the CAMS model showed that, while the model accurately predicted the spatial distribution of pollutants in most cases, it consistently underestimated the concentration levels. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-230233cba34046ecb8aa72d7daff5307 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-230233cba34046ecb8aa72d7daff53072025-08-20T02:11:21ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-02-0116326410.3390/atmos16030264Investigating Meteorological Factors Influencing Pollutant Concentrations and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Model Forecasts in the Tehran MetropolisSara Karami0Zahra Ghassabi1Noushin Khoddam2Maral Habibi3Research Institute of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Air Pollution and Dust, Tehran 14977-16385, IranResearch Institute of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Atmospheric Hazard Forecast, Tehran 14977-16385, IranInternational Center for Dust Studies, Research Institute of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Tehran 14977-16385, IranDepartment of Geography and Regional Sciences, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, AustriaIn recent years, air pollution has become a significant issue for megacities. This study analyzed the air pollution levels in Tehran and the relationship between pollutant concentrations and atmospheric quantities during 2023. The correlation coefficients between wind speed, temperature, mean sea level pressure (MSLP), and relative humidity (RH) were calculated against the concentrations of NO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Additionally, one case study was conducted for each pollutant. Approximately 72% of haze phenomena in Tehran were recorded in November, December, and January. The monthly pattern of PM<sub>10</sub> concentration indicated higher levels in the southern and western parts of Tehran. For PM<sub>2.5</sub>, in addition to these areas, significant concentrations were also observed in the central and eastern parts. NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations were found to be higher in the northeast and northern areas. An inverse relationship was found between wind speed and temperature with pollutant concentrations. Positive correlations between MSLP and pollutant concentrations suggested that the pollutant levels also increased as air pressure rose. RH showed a significant direct relationship with PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub>. Synoptic analysis revealed that PM<sub>10</sub> case studies often occurred during the warm season, with a thermal low pressure situated over the Iranian plateau. During PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> pollution events, Tehran was influenced by high pressure, and 10 m wind speeds were weak. Finally, verification of the 24 h forecast of the CAMS model showed that, while the model accurately predicted the spatial distribution of pollutants in most cases, it consistently underestimated the concentration levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/3/264pollutant concentrationsatmospheric conditionscams modelTehran metropolis |
| spellingShingle | Sara Karami Zahra Ghassabi Noushin Khoddam Maral Habibi Investigating Meteorological Factors Influencing Pollutant Concentrations and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Model Forecasts in the Tehran Metropolis Atmosphere pollutant concentrations atmospheric conditions cams model Tehran metropolis |
| title | Investigating Meteorological Factors Influencing Pollutant Concentrations and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Model Forecasts in the Tehran Metropolis |
| title_full | Investigating Meteorological Factors Influencing Pollutant Concentrations and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Model Forecasts in the Tehran Metropolis |
| title_fullStr | Investigating Meteorological Factors Influencing Pollutant Concentrations and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Model Forecasts in the Tehran Metropolis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating Meteorological Factors Influencing Pollutant Concentrations and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Model Forecasts in the Tehran Metropolis |
| title_short | Investigating Meteorological Factors Influencing Pollutant Concentrations and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Model Forecasts in the Tehran Metropolis |
| title_sort | investigating meteorological factors influencing pollutant concentrations and copernicus atmosphere monitoring service cams model forecasts in the tehran metropolis |
| topic | pollutant concentrations atmospheric conditions cams model Tehran metropolis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/3/264 |
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