Vibratory Sorting for Pumice Removal in Microplastic Analysis of Coastal Sediment

Density separation using a wet method is the standard technique for extracting microplastics (MPs) from coastal sediments. However, the 2021 Japanese submarine volcanic eruption introduced substantial pumice into these sediments, complicating the process. Pumice contamination in the floating matter...

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Main Authors: Yusuke Yonaha, Kei Nakagawa, Ken-ichi Shimizu, Mitsuharu Yagi, Achara Ussawarujikulchai, Hiroshi Asakura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Microplastics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8929/4/2/30
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author Yusuke Yonaha
Kei Nakagawa
Ken-ichi Shimizu
Mitsuharu Yagi
Achara Ussawarujikulchai
Hiroshi Asakura
author_facet Yusuke Yonaha
Kei Nakagawa
Ken-ichi Shimizu
Mitsuharu Yagi
Achara Ussawarujikulchai
Hiroshi Asakura
author_sort Yusuke Yonaha
collection DOAJ
description Density separation using a wet method is the standard technique for extracting microplastics (MPs) from coastal sediments. However, the 2021 Japanese submarine volcanic eruption introduced substantial pumice into these sediments, complicating the process. Pumice contamination in the floating matter from density separation significantly increases the workload of visual sorting. Pumice, distinguished by its spherical shape and hardness, exhibits distinct rolling and bouncing behaviors compared to plastic. In this study, we evaluated the sorting efficiency of a vibratory sorter in separating pumice from floating matter, comparing its performance with the existing methods. We analyzed the progressive behavior and the virtual sorting efficiency of single large- and medium-diameter particles using a vibrating plate and the actual sorting efficiency of mixed large-diameter particles. The maximum Newton’s efficiencies (<i>η</i><sub>max</sub>) for the virtual sorting of single large-diameter pumice and plastic ranged from 0.74 to 1.00, and for medium-diameter particles, from 0.74 to 0.97. Sorting efficiency decreased with finer particles. The <i>η</i><sub>max</sub> for the actual sorting of mixed large-diameter pumice and plastic was between 0.68 and 1.00, lower than the virtual sorting efficiency. While vibratory sorting, based on Newton’s efficiency, does not replace visual sorting, the time required for vibratory sorting is 21% of that required for visual sorting, making it valuable for estimating approximate MP quantities in coastal sediments. Additionally, this study provides a practical method for beach cleanups.
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spelling doaj-art-23000fdfa9034a0daa85377a22c017ea2025-08-20T02:20:59ZengMDPI AGMicroplastics2673-89292025-06-01423010.3390/microplastics4020030Vibratory Sorting for Pumice Removal in Microplastic Analysis of Coastal SedimentYusuke Yonaha0Kei Nakagawa1Ken-ichi Shimizu2Mitsuharu Yagi3Achara Ussawarujikulchai4Hiroshi Asakura5Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1–14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanInstitute of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1–14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanInstitute of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1–14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanInstitute of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1–14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanFaculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, 999 Puttamonthon 4 Rd. Salaya city, Nakhon Pathom 73170, ThailandInstitute of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1–14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, JapanDensity separation using a wet method is the standard technique for extracting microplastics (MPs) from coastal sediments. However, the 2021 Japanese submarine volcanic eruption introduced substantial pumice into these sediments, complicating the process. Pumice contamination in the floating matter from density separation significantly increases the workload of visual sorting. Pumice, distinguished by its spherical shape and hardness, exhibits distinct rolling and bouncing behaviors compared to plastic. In this study, we evaluated the sorting efficiency of a vibratory sorter in separating pumice from floating matter, comparing its performance with the existing methods. We analyzed the progressive behavior and the virtual sorting efficiency of single large- and medium-diameter particles using a vibrating plate and the actual sorting efficiency of mixed large-diameter particles. The maximum Newton’s efficiencies (<i>η</i><sub>max</sub>) for the virtual sorting of single large-diameter pumice and plastic ranged from 0.74 to 1.00, and for medium-diameter particles, from 0.74 to 0.97. Sorting efficiency decreased with finer particles. The <i>η</i><sub>max</sub> for the actual sorting of mixed large-diameter pumice and plastic was between 0.68 and 1.00, lower than the virtual sorting efficiency. While vibratory sorting, based on Newton’s efficiency, does not replace visual sorting, the time required for vibratory sorting is 21% of that required for visual sorting, making it valuable for estimating approximate MP quantities in coastal sediments. Additionally, this study provides a practical method for beach cleanups.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8929/4/2/30microplasticpumicevibratory sortingNewton’s efficiency
spellingShingle Yusuke Yonaha
Kei Nakagawa
Ken-ichi Shimizu
Mitsuharu Yagi
Achara Ussawarujikulchai
Hiroshi Asakura
Vibratory Sorting for Pumice Removal in Microplastic Analysis of Coastal Sediment
Microplastics
microplastic
pumice
vibratory sorting
Newton’s efficiency
title Vibratory Sorting for Pumice Removal in Microplastic Analysis of Coastal Sediment
title_full Vibratory Sorting for Pumice Removal in Microplastic Analysis of Coastal Sediment
title_fullStr Vibratory Sorting for Pumice Removal in Microplastic Analysis of Coastal Sediment
title_full_unstemmed Vibratory Sorting for Pumice Removal in Microplastic Analysis of Coastal Sediment
title_short Vibratory Sorting for Pumice Removal in Microplastic Analysis of Coastal Sediment
title_sort vibratory sorting for pumice removal in microplastic analysis of coastal sediment
topic microplastic
pumice
vibratory sorting
Newton’s efficiency
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8929/4/2/30
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