A novel method to evaluate the community built environment using photographs--Environmental Profile of a Community Health (EPOCH) photo neighbourhood evaluation tool.

<h4>Background</h4>Previous research has shown that environments with features that encourage walking are associated with increased physical activity. Existing methods to assess the built environment using geographical information systems (GIS) data, direct audit or large surveys of the...

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Main Authors: Clara K Chow, Daniel J Corsi, Karen Lock, Manisha Madhavan, Pam Mackie, Wei Li, Sun Yi, Yang Wang, Sumathi Swaminathan, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Diego Gomez-Arbelaez, Álvaro Avezum, Scott A Lear, Gilles Dagenais, Koon Teo, Martin McKee, Salim Yusuf
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110042
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author Clara K Chow
Daniel J Corsi
Karen Lock
Manisha Madhavan
Pam Mackie
Wei Li
Sun Yi
Yang Wang
Sumathi Swaminathan
Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
Diego Gomez-Arbelaez
Álvaro Avezum
Scott A Lear
Gilles Dagenais
Koon Teo
Martin McKee
Salim Yusuf
author_facet Clara K Chow
Daniel J Corsi
Karen Lock
Manisha Madhavan
Pam Mackie
Wei Li
Sun Yi
Yang Wang
Sumathi Swaminathan
Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
Diego Gomez-Arbelaez
Álvaro Avezum
Scott A Lear
Gilles Dagenais
Koon Teo
Martin McKee
Salim Yusuf
author_sort Clara K Chow
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>Previous research has shown that environments with features that encourage walking are associated with increased physical activity. Existing methods to assess the built environment using geographical information systems (GIS) data, direct audit or large surveys of the residents face constraints, such as data availability and comparability, when used to study communities in countries in diverse parts of the world. The aim of this study was to develop a method to evaluate features of the built environment of communities using a standard set of photos. In this report we describe the method of photo collection, photo analysis instrument development and inter-rater reliability of the instrument.<h4>Methods/principal findings</h4>A minimum of 5 photos were taken per community in 86 communities in 5 countries according to a standard set of instructions from a designated central point of each community by researchers at each site. A standard pro forma derived from reviewing existing instruments to assess the built environment was developed and used to score the characteristics of each community. Photo sets from each community were assessed independently by three observers in the central research office according to the pro forma and the inter-rater reliability was compared by intra-class correlation (ICC). Overall 87% (53 of 60) items had an ICC of ≥ 0.70, 7% (4 of 60) had an ICC between 0.60 and 0.70 and 5% (3 of 60) items had an ICC ≤ 0.50.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Analysis of photos using a standardized protocol as described in this study offers a means to obtain reliable and reproducible information on the built environment in communities in very diverse locations around the world. The collection of the photographic data required minimal training and the analysis demonstrated high reliability for the majority of items of interest.
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spelling doaj-art-22fbe0d4009b43fe9e75a1f20c0c84072025-08-20T03:10:06ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-01911e11004210.1371/journal.pone.0110042A novel method to evaluate the community built environment using photographs--Environmental Profile of a Community Health (EPOCH) photo neighbourhood evaluation tool.Clara K ChowDaniel J CorsiKaren LockManisha MadhavanPam MackieWei LiSun YiYang WangSumathi SwaminathanPatricio Lopez-JaramilloDiego Gomez-ArbelaezÁlvaro AvezumScott A LearGilles DagenaisKoon TeoMartin McKeeSalim Yusuf<h4>Background</h4>Previous research has shown that environments with features that encourage walking are associated with increased physical activity. Existing methods to assess the built environment using geographical information systems (GIS) data, direct audit or large surveys of the residents face constraints, such as data availability and comparability, when used to study communities in countries in diverse parts of the world. The aim of this study was to develop a method to evaluate features of the built environment of communities using a standard set of photos. In this report we describe the method of photo collection, photo analysis instrument development and inter-rater reliability of the instrument.<h4>Methods/principal findings</h4>A minimum of 5 photos were taken per community in 86 communities in 5 countries according to a standard set of instructions from a designated central point of each community by researchers at each site. A standard pro forma derived from reviewing existing instruments to assess the built environment was developed and used to score the characteristics of each community. Photo sets from each community were assessed independently by three observers in the central research office according to the pro forma and the inter-rater reliability was compared by intra-class correlation (ICC). Overall 87% (53 of 60) items had an ICC of ≥ 0.70, 7% (4 of 60) had an ICC between 0.60 and 0.70 and 5% (3 of 60) items had an ICC ≤ 0.50.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Analysis of photos using a standardized protocol as described in this study offers a means to obtain reliable and reproducible information on the built environment in communities in very diverse locations around the world. The collection of the photographic data required minimal training and the analysis demonstrated high reliability for the majority of items of interest.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110042
spellingShingle Clara K Chow
Daniel J Corsi
Karen Lock
Manisha Madhavan
Pam Mackie
Wei Li
Sun Yi
Yang Wang
Sumathi Swaminathan
Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
Diego Gomez-Arbelaez
Álvaro Avezum
Scott A Lear
Gilles Dagenais
Koon Teo
Martin McKee
Salim Yusuf
A novel method to evaluate the community built environment using photographs--Environmental Profile of a Community Health (EPOCH) photo neighbourhood evaluation tool.
PLoS ONE
title A novel method to evaluate the community built environment using photographs--Environmental Profile of a Community Health (EPOCH) photo neighbourhood evaluation tool.
title_full A novel method to evaluate the community built environment using photographs--Environmental Profile of a Community Health (EPOCH) photo neighbourhood evaluation tool.
title_fullStr A novel method to evaluate the community built environment using photographs--Environmental Profile of a Community Health (EPOCH) photo neighbourhood evaluation tool.
title_full_unstemmed A novel method to evaluate the community built environment using photographs--Environmental Profile of a Community Health (EPOCH) photo neighbourhood evaluation tool.
title_short A novel method to evaluate the community built environment using photographs--Environmental Profile of a Community Health (EPOCH) photo neighbourhood evaluation tool.
title_sort novel method to evaluate the community built environment using photographs environmental profile of a community health epoch photo neighbourhood evaluation tool
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110042
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