Estimates vary but credible evidence points to gigaton-scale climate change mitigation potential of biochar

Abstract Biochar is a carbon dioxide (CO2) removal strategy that supports food security, sustainable land management and the circular economy. Nineteen published studies estimate global climate change mitigation potential of biochar at 0.03 to 11 Pg CO2 equivalent yr−1. Reconciling this range requir...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhe Han Weng, Annette L. Cowie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02228-x
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849765389871874048
author Zhe Han Weng
Annette L. Cowie
author_facet Zhe Han Weng
Annette L. Cowie
author_sort Zhe Han Weng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Biochar is a carbon dioxide (CO2) removal strategy that supports food security, sustainable land management and the circular economy. Nineteen published studies estimate global climate change mitigation potential of biochar at 0.03 to 11 Pg CO2 equivalent yr−1. Reconciling this range requires consideration of biochar science. Biochar systems durably sequester carbon, can reduce soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, displace fossil fuel emissions through use of syngas, and avoid GHG emissions from residues. We reviewed the contributions to CO2 removal and GHG emissions reduction. Divergence between studies arises from differences in scope, definition of potential, and assumptions about biomass availability, biochar technologies and reference systems. Seven of the 19 studies reviewed relied one original study. Recent independent assessments estimate sustainable mitigation potential of biochar systems at 2.6-10.3 Pg CO2 equivalent yr−1. New assessments are needed, utilising integrated assessment models that incorporate latest understanding of biochar processes and feedstock availability.
format Article
id doaj-art-22de23dc08cb4dd4bb516f3df268c375
institution DOAJ
issn 2662-4435
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Communications Earth & Environment
spelling doaj-art-22de23dc08cb4dd4bb516f3df268c3752025-08-20T03:04:53ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-04-01611910.1038/s43247-025-02228-xEstimates vary but credible evidence points to gigaton-scale climate change mitigation potential of biocharZhe Han Weng0Annette L. Cowie1School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite CampusNew South Wales Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentAbstract Biochar is a carbon dioxide (CO2) removal strategy that supports food security, sustainable land management and the circular economy. Nineteen published studies estimate global climate change mitigation potential of biochar at 0.03 to 11 Pg CO2 equivalent yr−1. Reconciling this range requires consideration of biochar science. Biochar systems durably sequester carbon, can reduce soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, displace fossil fuel emissions through use of syngas, and avoid GHG emissions from residues. We reviewed the contributions to CO2 removal and GHG emissions reduction. Divergence between studies arises from differences in scope, definition of potential, and assumptions about biomass availability, biochar technologies and reference systems. Seven of the 19 studies reviewed relied one original study. Recent independent assessments estimate sustainable mitigation potential of biochar systems at 2.6-10.3 Pg CO2 equivalent yr−1. New assessments are needed, utilising integrated assessment models that incorporate latest understanding of biochar processes and feedstock availability.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02228-x
spellingShingle Zhe Han Weng
Annette L. Cowie
Estimates vary but credible evidence points to gigaton-scale climate change mitigation potential of biochar
Communications Earth & Environment
title Estimates vary but credible evidence points to gigaton-scale climate change mitigation potential of biochar
title_full Estimates vary but credible evidence points to gigaton-scale climate change mitigation potential of biochar
title_fullStr Estimates vary but credible evidence points to gigaton-scale climate change mitigation potential of biochar
title_full_unstemmed Estimates vary but credible evidence points to gigaton-scale climate change mitigation potential of biochar
title_short Estimates vary but credible evidence points to gigaton-scale climate change mitigation potential of biochar
title_sort estimates vary but credible evidence points to gigaton scale climate change mitigation potential of biochar
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02228-x
work_keys_str_mv AT zhehanweng estimatesvarybutcredibleevidencepointstogigatonscaleclimatechangemitigationpotentialofbiochar
AT annettelcowie estimatesvarybutcredibleevidencepointstogigatonscaleclimatechangemitigationpotentialofbiochar