Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system disorders: mechanisms, implications, and emerging perspective

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), as a crucial defense mechanism of neutrophils, have garnered increasing attention in recent years for their roles in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This review comprehensively summarizes the fundamental characteristics and formation mechanisms of NETs,...

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Main Authors: Shan Qiao, Jing Yuan, Shan-chao Zhang, Ying-ying Lu, Peng Zhou, Tao Xin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1602336/full
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author Shan Qiao
Shan Qiao
Jing Yuan
Shan-chao Zhang
Ying-ying Lu
Peng Zhou
Tao Xin
Tao Xin
Tao Xin
author_facet Shan Qiao
Shan Qiao
Jing Yuan
Shan-chao Zhang
Ying-ying Lu
Peng Zhou
Tao Xin
Tao Xin
Tao Xin
author_sort Shan Qiao
collection DOAJ
description Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), as a crucial defense mechanism of neutrophils, have garnered increasing attention in recent years for their roles in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This review comprehensively summarizes the fundamental characteristics and formation mechanisms of NETs, while highlighting the latest research advances regarding their involvement in various CNS diseases. Specific mechanistic insights are discussed, including how NETs exacerbate ischemic stroke through immunothrombosis, promote blood-brain barrier disruption in multiple sclerosis, and contribute to neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. The paper systematically explores the potential mechanistic contributions of NETs to disease pathogenesis and progression, as well as their prospects as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Through an in-depth analysis of the multifaceted roles of NETs in CNS pathologies, this review aims to provide novel insights and references for advancing the understanding, clinical diagnosis, and therapeutic management of central nervous system disorders.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-22d3aba15e044615abdcd11ed85762bd2025-08-20T03:13:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-05-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16023361602336Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system disorders: mechanisms, implications, and emerging perspectiveShan Qiao0Shan Qiao1Jing Yuan2Shan-chao Zhang3Ying-ying Lu4Peng Zhou5Tao Xin6Tao Xin7Tao Xin8Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, ChinaFirst Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaMedical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaNeutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs), as a crucial defense mechanism of neutrophils, have garnered increasing attention in recent years for their roles in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This review comprehensively summarizes the fundamental characteristics and formation mechanisms of NETs, while highlighting the latest research advances regarding their involvement in various CNS diseases. Specific mechanistic insights are discussed, including how NETs exacerbate ischemic stroke through immunothrombosis, promote blood-brain barrier disruption in multiple sclerosis, and contribute to neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. The paper systematically explores the potential mechanistic contributions of NETs to disease pathogenesis and progression, as well as their prospects as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Through an in-depth analysis of the multifaceted roles of NETs in CNS pathologies, this review aims to provide novel insights and references for advancing the understanding, clinical diagnosis, and therapeutic management of central nervous system disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1602336/fullneutrophil extracellular trapscentral nervous system disordersautoimmune encephalitisimmune mechanismtherapeutic target
spellingShingle Shan Qiao
Shan Qiao
Jing Yuan
Shan-chao Zhang
Ying-ying Lu
Peng Zhou
Tao Xin
Tao Xin
Tao Xin
Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system disorders: mechanisms, implications, and emerging perspective
Frontiers in Immunology
neutrophil extracellular traps
central nervous system disorders
autoimmune encephalitis
immune mechanism
therapeutic target
title Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system disorders: mechanisms, implications, and emerging perspective
title_full Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system disorders: mechanisms, implications, and emerging perspective
title_fullStr Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system disorders: mechanisms, implications, and emerging perspective
title_full_unstemmed Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system disorders: mechanisms, implications, and emerging perspective
title_short Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system disorders: mechanisms, implications, and emerging perspective
title_sort neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system disorders mechanisms implications and emerging perspective
topic neutrophil extracellular traps
central nervous system disorders
autoimmune encephalitis
immune mechanism
therapeutic target
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1602336/full
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