Mineral levels in lactating Lagos women: blood-breast milk correlation and environmental-nutritional influences

Background Lifestyle choices and environmental exposure to certain materials have been reported to alter the distribution of key electrolytes in the blood and breastmilk of pregnant women and, in some cases, worsen micronutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to determine the association of sodiu...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Oluwakemi Oyelowo, Christian Makwe, Abdullahi Adejare, Oyinkansola Ajulo, Cynthia Dieobi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Faculty of Medicine Trisakti University 2025-04-01
Series:Universa Medicina
Subjects:
Online Access:https://univmed.org/ejurnal/index.php/medicina/article/view/1692
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850171491046391808
author Oluwakemi Oyelowo
Christian Makwe
Abdullahi Adejare
Oyinkansola Ajulo
Cynthia Dieobi
author_facet Oluwakemi Oyelowo
Christian Makwe
Abdullahi Adejare
Oyinkansola Ajulo
Cynthia Dieobi
author_sort Oluwakemi Oyelowo
collection DOAJ
description Background Lifestyle choices and environmental exposure to certain materials have been reported to alter the distribution of key electrolytes in the blood and breastmilk of pregnant women and, in some cases, worsen micronutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to determine the association of sodium, iron, potassium, and calcium ions in maternal blood with those in breast milk and how maternal lifestyle routines could affect the level of these micronutrients.   Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 30 breastfeeding mothers with newborns. They were administered a pre-tested questionnaire following informed consent. Blood and breastmilk specimens were obtained thereafter to determine the serum and breastmilk levels of iron, potassium, sodium, and calcium. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-tests with the significance level of p<0.05.   Results A significant reduction in serum and breastmilk potassium ion levels (p<0.001 for both) was found in lactating women taking vitamin D, vitamin B, calcium, and folic acid supplements, particularly with increased serum iron levels. Conversely, exposure to paints (p<0.001), radiation (p<0.001), borehole water (p<0.05) and tap water (p<0.05) increased potassium ion levels in both blood and breastmilk. Notably, significant correlations existed between blood and breastmilk levels of sodium and potassium ions.   Conclusions While breastmilk sodium and potassium ion levels are directly related to the level in the serum, supplemental intake of some vitamins as well as exposure to paints and radiation could significantly reduce blood and breastmilk potassium, thus further worsening the micronutrient deficiency (aka hidden hunger) in pregnant women.
format Article
id doaj-art-22c9b0b00156459eb3a65cd7efb15a1c
institution OA Journals
issn 2407-2230
1907-3062
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Faculty of Medicine Trisakti University
record_format Article
series Universa Medicina
spelling doaj-art-22c9b0b00156459eb3a65cd7efb15a1c2025-08-20T02:20:16ZengFaculty of Medicine Trisakti UniversityUniversa Medicina2407-22301907-30622025-04-0144110.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.73-83Mineral levels in lactating Lagos women: blood-breast milk correlation and environmental-nutritional influencesOluwakemi Oyelowo0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-1896 Christian Makwe1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4634-5157Abdullahi Adejare2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1109-372XOyinkansola Ajulo3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5041-631XCynthia Dieobi4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0731-9172Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria Background Lifestyle choices and environmental exposure to certain materials have been reported to alter the distribution of key electrolytes in the blood and breastmilk of pregnant women and, in some cases, worsen micronutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to determine the association of sodium, iron, potassium, and calcium ions in maternal blood with those in breast milk and how maternal lifestyle routines could affect the level of these micronutrients.   Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 30 breastfeeding mothers with newborns. They were administered a pre-tested questionnaire following informed consent. Blood and breastmilk specimens were obtained thereafter to determine the serum and breastmilk levels of iron, potassium, sodium, and calcium. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-tests with the significance level of p<0.05.   Results A significant reduction in serum and breastmilk potassium ion levels (p<0.001 for both) was found in lactating women taking vitamin D, vitamin B, calcium, and folic acid supplements, particularly with increased serum iron levels. Conversely, exposure to paints (p<0.001), radiation (p<0.001), borehole water (p<0.05) and tap water (p<0.05) increased potassium ion levels in both blood and breastmilk. Notably, significant correlations existed between blood and breastmilk levels of sodium and potassium ions.   Conclusions While breastmilk sodium and potassium ion levels are directly related to the level in the serum, supplemental intake of some vitamins as well as exposure to paints and radiation could significantly reduce blood and breastmilk potassium, thus further worsening the micronutrient deficiency (aka hidden hunger) in pregnant women. https://univmed.org/ejurnal/index.php/medicina/article/view/1692Blood nutrientsbreastmilk nutrientsenvironmental pollutantsvitamin supplementshidden hunger
spellingShingle Oluwakemi Oyelowo
Christian Makwe
Abdullahi Adejare
Oyinkansola Ajulo
Cynthia Dieobi
Mineral levels in lactating Lagos women: blood-breast milk correlation and environmental-nutritional influences
Universa Medicina
Blood nutrients
breastmilk nutrients
environmental pollutants
vitamin supplements
hidden hunger
title Mineral levels in lactating Lagos women: blood-breast milk correlation and environmental-nutritional influences
title_full Mineral levels in lactating Lagos women: blood-breast milk correlation and environmental-nutritional influences
title_fullStr Mineral levels in lactating Lagos women: blood-breast milk correlation and environmental-nutritional influences
title_full_unstemmed Mineral levels in lactating Lagos women: blood-breast milk correlation and environmental-nutritional influences
title_short Mineral levels in lactating Lagos women: blood-breast milk correlation and environmental-nutritional influences
title_sort mineral levels in lactating lagos women blood breast milk correlation and environmental nutritional influences
topic Blood nutrients
breastmilk nutrients
environmental pollutants
vitamin supplements
hidden hunger
url https://univmed.org/ejurnal/index.php/medicina/article/view/1692
work_keys_str_mv AT oluwakemioyelowo minerallevelsinlactatinglagoswomenbloodbreastmilkcorrelationandenvironmentalnutritionalinfluences
AT christianmakwe minerallevelsinlactatinglagoswomenbloodbreastmilkcorrelationandenvironmentalnutritionalinfluences
AT abdullahiadejare minerallevelsinlactatinglagoswomenbloodbreastmilkcorrelationandenvironmentalnutritionalinfluences
AT oyinkansolaajulo minerallevelsinlactatinglagoswomenbloodbreastmilkcorrelationandenvironmentalnutritionalinfluences
AT cynthiadieobi minerallevelsinlactatinglagoswomenbloodbreastmilkcorrelationandenvironmentalnutritionalinfluences