An optimal control analysis of HIV-Visceral Leishmaniasis co-infection model
In this paper, we develop and analyze a novel mathematical model that captures the co-infection dynamics of HIV/AIDS and Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in a population where a reservoir host is present—marking the first study to explicitly incorporate reservoir-mediated transmission into HIV-VL interac...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818125001433 |
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| author | Ibrahim M. Elmojtaba |
| author_facet | Ibrahim M. Elmojtaba |
| author_sort | Ibrahim M. Elmojtaba |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we develop and analyze a novel mathematical model that captures the co-infection dynamics of HIV/AIDS and Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in a population where a reservoir host is present—marking the first study to explicitly incorporate reservoir-mediated transmission into HIV-VL interactions. Our analysis reveals that reducing the basic reproduction number below unity does not guarantee disease eradication due to the occurrence of backward bifurcation, highlighting the complex nature of disease persistence. Through global sensitivity analysis, we identify the sandfly biting rate as the most influential factor driving VL transmission, while the natural death rate of sandflies emerges as the most critical parameter in curbing disease spread. Based on these insights, we implement optimal control strategies tailored to the most sensitive parameters, demonstrating effective pathways to mitigate the burden of both infections in the presence of a reservoir host. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-22bbfcdde59e4bbe852b9f51ddcfa46d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2666-8181 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj-art-22bbfcdde59e4bbe852b9f51ddcfa46d2025-08-20T03:09:44ZengElsevierPartial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics2666-81812025-06-011410121610.1016/j.padiff.2025.101216An optimal control analysis of HIV-Visceral Leishmaniasis co-infection modelIbrahim M. Elmojtaba0Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OmanIn this paper, we develop and analyze a novel mathematical model that captures the co-infection dynamics of HIV/AIDS and Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in a population where a reservoir host is present—marking the first study to explicitly incorporate reservoir-mediated transmission into HIV-VL interactions. Our analysis reveals that reducing the basic reproduction number below unity does not guarantee disease eradication due to the occurrence of backward bifurcation, highlighting the complex nature of disease persistence. Through global sensitivity analysis, we identify the sandfly biting rate as the most influential factor driving VL transmission, while the natural death rate of sandflies emerges as the most critical parameter in curbing disease spread. Based on these insights, we implement optimal control strategies tailored to the most sensitive parameters, demonstrating effective pathways to mitigate the burden of both infections in the presence of a reservoir host.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818125001433HIV-AIDSVisceral LeishmaniasisBackward bifurcationSensitivity analysisOptimal control |
| spellingShingle | Ibrahim M. Elmojtaba An optimal control analysis of HIV-Visceral Leishmaniasis co-infection model Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics HIV-AIDS Visceral Leishmaniasis Backward bifurcation Sensitivity analysis Optimal control |
| title | An optimal control analysis of HIV-Visceral Leishmaniasis co-infection model |
| title_full | An optimal control analysis of HIV-Visceral Leishmaniasis co-infection model |
| title_fullStr | An optimal control analysis of HIV-Visceral Leishmaniasis co-infection model |
| title_full_unstemmed | An optimal control analysis of HIV-Visceral Leishmaniasis co-infection model |
| title_short | An optimal control analysis of HIV-Visceral Leishmaniasis co-infection model |
| title_sort | optimal control analysis of hiv visceral leishmaniasis co infection model |
| topic | HIV-AIDS Visceral Leishmaniasis Backward bifurcation Sensitivity analysis Optimal control |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818125001433 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ibrahimmelmojtaba anoptimalcontrolanalysisofhivvisceralleishmaniasiscoinfectionmodel AT ibrahimmelmojtaba optimalcontrolanalysisofhivvisceralleishmaniasiscoinfectionmodel |