Factors associated with zero vegetable and fruit consumption among Tanzanian children

Abstract Background Proper nutrition during early childhood is essential for healthy growth and development, yet many children, particularly in low and middle-income countries, fail to meet recommended intake levels of fruits and vegetables. This study aims to assess the factors associated with zero...

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Main Authors: Beminate Lemma Seifu, Bezawit Melak Fente, Zufan Alamrie Asmare, Angwach Abrham Asnake, Meklit Melaku Bezie, Hiwot Atlaye Asebe, Mamaru Melkam, Yohannes Mekuria Negussie
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20472-2
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author Beminate Lemma Seifu
Bezawit Melak Fente
Zufan Alamrie Asmare
Angwach Abrham Asnake
Meklit Melaku Bezie
Hiwot Atlaye Asebe
Mamaru Melkam
Yohannes Mekuria Negussie
author_facet Beminate Lemma Seifu
Bezawit Melak Fente
Zufan Alamrie Asmare
Angwach Abrham Asnake
Meklit Melaku Bezie
Hiwot Atlaye Asebe
Mamaru Melkam
Yohannes Mekuria Negussie
author_sort Beminate Lemma Seifu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Proper nutrition during early childhood is essential for healthy growth and development, yet many children, particularly in low and middle-income countries, fail to meet recommended intake levels of fruits and vegetables. This study aims to assess the factors associated with zero vegetable and fruit (ZVF) consumption among children aged 6–23 months in Tanzania, using data from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Methods A weighted sample of 4582 children aged between 6 and 23 months were included in the study. Data cleaning, coding, and analysis were performed using STATA version 17 software. To address the hierarchical nature of the DHS data and the binary outcome variable, a multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression model was used. The deviance value served as a guide for determining the best-fitting model. In the subsequent multivariable multilevel binary logistic regression analysis, adjusted odds ratios were computed alongside their respective 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the strength of association, with statistical significance set at a p-value below 0.05. Result The overall proportion of ZVF consumption among children aged 6–23 months in Tanzania was 48.34% (95% CI: 46.87, 49.81). Current breastfeeding status, maternal educational status, household wealth index, sex of the household head, and community poverty level were associated with higher odds of ZVF consumption. Meanwhile, child age, maternal employment status, father’s educational status, and media exposure were associated with lower odds of ZVF consumption. Conclusion Child age, current breastfeeding status, maternal educational status, maternal employment status, father’s educational status, household wealth index, sex of household, media exposure, and community poverty level were significantly associated with ZVF consumption. Efforts should focus on educating mothers about the early introduction of fruits and vegetables in children’s diets, alongside supporting breastfeeding. Tailored economic empowerment initiatives are needed in impoverished communities to improve access to nutritious foods.
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spelling doaj-art-22bb06f39b9d4e5496192f86993cb6d52025-08-20T02:18:25ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582024-11-0124111210.1186/s12889-024-20472-2Factors associated with zero vegetable and fruit consumption among Tanzanian childrenBeminate Lemma Seifu0Bezawit Melak Fente1Zufan Alamrie Asmare2Angwach Abrham Asnake3Meklit Melaku Bezie4Hiwot Atlaye Asebe5Mamaru Melkam6Yohannes Mekuria Negussie7Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara UniversityDepartment of General Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Tabor UniversityDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolaita Sodo UniversityDepartment of Public Health Officer, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Samara UniversityCollege of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, University of GondarDepartment of Medicine, Adama General Hospital and Medical CollegeAbstract Background Proper nutrition during early childhood is essential for healthy growth and development, yet many children, particularly in low and middle-income countries, fail to meet recommended intake levels of fruits and vegetables. This study aims to assess the factors associated with zero vegetable and fruit (ZVF) consumption among children aged 6–23 months in Tanzania, using data from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Methods A weighted sample of 4582 children aged between 6 and 23 months were included in the study. Data cleaning, coding, and analysis were performed using STATA version 17 software. To address the hierarchical nature of the DHS data and the binary outcome variable, a multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression model was used. The deviance value served as a guide for determining the best-fitting model. In the subsequent multivariable multilevel binary logistic regression analysis, adjusted odds ratios were computed alongside their respective 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the strength of association, with statistical significance set at a p-value below 0.05. Result The overall proportion of ZVF consumption among children aged 6–23 months in Tanzania was 48.34% (95% CI: 46.87, 49.81). Current breastfeeding status, maternal educational status, household wealth index, sex of the household head, and community poverty level were associated with higher odds of ZVF consumption. Meanwhile, child age, maternal employment status, father’s educational status, and media exposure were associated with lower odds of ZVF consumption. Conclusion Child age, current breastfeeding status, maternal educational status, maternal employment status, father’s educational status, household wealth index, sex of household, media exposure, and community poverty level were significantly associated with ZVF consumption. Efforts should focus on educating mothers about the early introduction of fruits and vegetables in children’s diets, alongside supporting breastfeeding. Tailored economic empowerment initiatives are needed in impoverished communities to improve access to nutritious foods.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20472-2Fruit and vegetablesDietMultilevel analysisDemographic and health surveyTanzania
spellingShingle Beminate Lemma Seifu
Bezawit Melak Fente
Zufan Alamrie Asmare
Angwach Abrham Asnake
Meklit Melaku Bezie
Hiwot Atlaye Asebe
Mamaru Melkam
Yohannes Mekuria Negussie
Factors associated with zero vegetable and fruit consumption among Tanzanian children
BMC Public Health
Fruit and vegetables
Diet
Multilevel analysis
Demographic and health survey
Tanzania
title Factors associated with zero vegetable and fruit consumption among Tanzanian children
title_full Factors associated with zero vegetable and fruit consumption among Tanzanian children
title_fullStr Factors associated with zero vegetable and fruit consumption among Tanzanian children
title_full_unstemmed Factors associated with zero vegetable and fruit consumption among Tanzanian children
title_short Factors associated with zero vegetable and fruit consumption among Tanzanian children
title_sort factors associated with zero vegetable and fruit consumption among tanzanian children
topic Fruit and vegetables
Diet
Multilevel analysis
Demographic and health survey
Tanzania
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20472-2
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