Predictive Factors for Morphological and Functional Improvements in Long-Lasting Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treated with Photodynamic Therapy

<b>Backgrounds</b>: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established treatment modality in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). The goal of our study was to evaluate the morphological and functional effects of PDT in patients with long-lasting CSCR and determine the related predictive fa...

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Main Authors: Maciej Gawęcki, Krzysztof Kiciński, Jan Kucharczuk, Monika Gołębiowska-Bogaj, Andrzej Grzybowski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/4/944
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author Maciej Gawęcki
Krzysztof Kiciński
Jan Kucharczuk
Monika Gołębiowska-Bogaj
Andrzej Grzybowski
author_facet Maciej Gawęcki
Krzysztof Kiciński
Jan Kucharczuk
Monika Gołębiowska-Bogaj
Andrzej Grzybowski
author_sort Maciej Gawęcki
collection DOAJ
description <b>Backgrounds</b>: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established treatment modality in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). The goal of our study was to evaluate the morphological and functional effects of PDT in patients with long-lasting CSCR and determine the related predictive factors for improvement. <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective analysis included consecutive patients with chronic CSCR who consented to PDT. The material comprised 98 eyes of 81 patients (67 males and 14 females) with a disease duration longer than 6 months followed for 6 months post treatment. All patients underwent a basic ophthalmological examination including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing and imaging, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and fluorescein angiography. Patients without macular neovascularization (MNV) were subjected to half-dose PDT (3 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) with standard fluence (50 J/cm<sup>2</sup>), guided by indocyanine green angiography. Cases complicated by MNV were subjected to full-dose PDT. <b>Results</b>: A morphological response, defined as complete resolution of subretinal fluid, was achieved in 76.29% of cases, and an improvement in BCVA of at least one logMAR line was obtained in 77.53% of cases. The mean BCVA gain was 1.2 logMAR line. All SD-OCT measurements (central retinal thickness, macular volume, mean subfield thickness, subretinal fluid height, and subfoveal choroidal thickness) showed a significant reduction post PDT. A multivariate analysis proved better morphological outcome associations with a younger age and male gender and better visual gains achieved in patients without intraretinal abnormalities. Univariate testing also showed strong relationships between better baseline BCVA and greater functional and morphological improvements, between shorter disease duration and morphological gains, and between the absence of MNV or intraretinal abnormalities and morphological gains. PDT was highly effective in providing a resolution of pigment epithelial detachment (<i>p</i> = 0.0004). The observed effect was significantly dependent upon the lower baseline central retinal thickness (<i>p</i> = 0.0095). Patients with intraretinal abnormalities or MNV showed moderate improvements post PDT. <b>Conclusions</b>: PDT in long-lasting CSCR cases provides good morphological results but generally minor visual gains. Patients’ expectations of significant increases in BCVA after prolonged disease with distinct alterations of the neurosensory retina should be managed.
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spelling doaj-art-22aecd8a2a3c44f0bb4a398b5ea2aad82025-08-20T03:14:16ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-04-0113494410.3390/biomedicines13040944Predictive Factors for Morphological and Functional Improvements in Long-Lasting Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treated with Photodynamic TherapyMaciej Gawęcki0Krzysztof Kiciński1Jan Kucharczuk2Monika Gołębiowska-Bogaj3Andrzej Grzybowski4Department of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Hospitals, 84-200 Wejherowo, PolandDepartment of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Hospitals, 84-200 Wejherowo, PolandDepartment of Ophthalmology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Hospitals, 84-200 Wejherowo, PolandDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland<b>Backgrounds</b>: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established treatment modality in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). The goal of our study was to evaluate the morphological and functional effects of PDT in patients with long-lasting CSCR and determine the related predictive factors for improvement. <b>Methods</b>: This retrospective analysis included consecutive patients with chronic CSCR who consented to PDT. The material comprised 98 eyes of 81 patients (67 males and 14 females) with a disease duration longer than 6 months followed for 6 months post treatment. All patients underwent a basic ophthalmological examination including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing and imaging, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and fluorescein angiography. Patients without macular neovascularization (MNV) were subjected to half-dose PDT (3 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) with standard fluence (50 J/cm<sup>2</sup>), guided by indocyanine green angiography. Cases complicated by MNV were subjected to full-dose PDT. <b>Results</b>: A morphological response, defined as complete resolution of subretinal fluid, was achieved in 76.29% of cases, and an improvement in BCVA of at least one logMAR line was obtained in 77.53% of cases. The mean BCVA gain was 1.2 logMAR line. All SD-OCT measurements (central retinal thickness, macular volume, mean subfield thickness, subretinal fluid height, and subfoveal choroidal thickness) showed a significant reduction post PDT. A multivariate analysis proved better morphological outcome associations with a younger age and male gender and better visual gains achieved in patients without intraretinal abnormalities. Univariate testing also showed strong relationships between better baseline BCVA and greater functional and morphological improvements, between shorter disease duration and morphological gains, and between the absence of MNV or intraretinal abnormalities and morphological gains. PDT was highly effective in providing a resolution of pigment epithelial detachment (<i>p</i> = 0.0004). The observed effect was significantly dependent upon the lower baseline central retinal thickness (<i>p</i> = 0.0095). Patients with intraretinal abnormalities or MNV showed moderate improvements post PDT. <b>Conclusions</b>: PDT in long-lasting CSCR cases provides good morphological results but generally minor visual gains. Patients’ expectations of significant increases in BCVA after prolonged disease with distinct alterations of the neurosensory retina should be managed.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/4/944central serous chorioretinopathyphotodynamic therapyspectral-domain optical coherence tomographybest corrected visual acuitysubretinal fluid
spellingShingle Maciej Gawęcki
Krzysztof Kiciński
Jan Kucharczuk
Monika Gołębiowska-Bogaj
Andrzej Grzybowski
Predictive Factors for Morphological and Functional Improvements in Long-Lasting Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treated with Photodynamic Therapy
Biomedicines
central serous chorioretinopathy
photodynamic therapy
spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
best corrected visual acuity
subretinal fluid
title Predictive Factors for Morphological and Functional Improvements in Long-Lasting Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treated with Photodynamic Therapy
title_full Predictive Factors for Morphological and Functional Improvements in Long-Lasting Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treated with Photodynamic Therapy
title_fullStr Predictive Factors for Morphological and Functional Improvements in Long-Lasting Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treated with Photodynamic Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Predictive Factors for Morphological and Functional Improvements in Long-Lasting Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treated with Photodynamic Therapy
title_short Predictive Factors for Morphological and Functional Improvements in Long-Lasting Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treated with Photodynamic Therapy
title_sort predictive factors for morphological and functional improvements in long lasting central serous chorioretinopathy treated with photodynamic therapy
topic central serous chorioretinopathy
photodynamic therapy
spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
best corrected visual acuity
subretinal fluid
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/4/944
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