Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the risk of depression in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes: A prospective cohort study

Objective: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is known to be associated with depression. However, the evidence concerning the association between vitamin D status and depressive episodes in population with prediabetes and diabetes remains limited. This study seeks to investigate the potential relat...

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Main Authors: Huaxue Li, Guodong Liu, Yicheng Ma, Yingzhou Shi, Junming Han, Shengyu Tian, Hang Dong, Peipei Wang, Yingli Lu, Qiang Wang, Ling Gao, Yiping Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770725000806
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author Huaxue Li
Guodong Liu
Yicheng Ma
Yingzhou Shi
Junming Han
Shengyu Tian
Hang Dong
Peipei Wang
Yingli Lu
Qiang Wang
Ling Gao
Yiping Cheng
author_facet Huaxue Li
Guodong Liu
Yicheng Ma
Yingzhou Shi
Junming Han
Shengyu Tian
Hang Dong
Peipei Wang
Yingli Lu
Qiang Wang
Ling Gao
Yiping Cheng
author_sort Huaxue Li
collection DOAJ
description Objective: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is known to be associated with depression. However, the evidence concerning the association between vitamin D status and depressive episodes in population with prediabetes and diabetes remains limited. This study seeks to investigate the potential relationship between vitamin D levels and depression in this population. Methods: This cohort study comprised 55,252 individuals with prediabetes and 17,369 patients with diabetes, who exhibited no signs of depression at baseline. Baseline 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for depression, with adjustments made for potential confounding variables. Results: Over a mean follow-up period of 11.7 years, a total of 2,409 depression events were documented in participants with diabetes; and 6,078 depression events were recorded in the prediabetic participants, during a mean follow-up of 12.3 years. Vitamin D sufficiency (≥75 nmol/L) was observed in only 12.5% of individuals with prediabetes and 11.3% of those with diabetes. After multivariate adjustment, an inverse and dose-dependent relationship was identified between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and the risk of depression in prediabetic and diabetic participants (P trend <0.05). Compared with the lowest 25(OH)D level (<25 nmol/L), the highest level (≥75 nmol/L) exhibited a 17% reduction in the risk of depressive events (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.75−0.93) among individuals with prediabetes and a 25% reduction (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.61−0.90) among those with diabetes。 Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the critical importance of prioritizing serum 25(OH)D levels in the management of depression in patients with diabetes and prediabetes.
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spelling doaj-art-229f220227204782bd02ce10cdfec2f92025-08-20T02:26:33ZengElsevierThe Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging1760-47882025-06-0129610055610.1016/j.jnha.2025.100556Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the risk of depression in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes: A prospective cohort studyHuaxue Li0Guodong Liu1Yicheng Ma2Yingzhou Shi3Junming Han4Shengyu Tian5Hang Dong6Peipei Wang7Yingli Lu8Qiang Wang9Ling Gao10Yiping Cheng11Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; “Chuangxin China” Innovation Base of stem cell and Gene Therapy for endocrine Metabolic diseases; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; “Chuangxin China” Innovation Base of stem cell and Gene Therapy for endocrine Metabolic diseases; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; “Chuangxin China” Innovation Base of stem cell and Gene Therapy for endocrine Metabolic diseases; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; “Chuangxin China” Innovation Base of stem cell and Gene Therapy for endocrine Metabolic diseases; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; “Chuangxin China” Innovation Base of stem cell and Gene Therapy for endocrine Metabolic diseases; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; “Chuangxin China” Innovation Base of stem cell and Gene Therapy for endocrine Metabolic diseases; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; “Chuangxin China” Innovation Base of stem cell and Gene Therapy for endocrine Metabolic diseases; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; “Chuangxin China” Innovation Base of stem cell and Gene Therapy for endocrine Metabolic diseases; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, ChinaInstitute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaKey Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; “Chuangxin China” Innovation Base of stem cell and Gene Therapy for endocrine Metabolic diseases; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; “Chuangxin China” Innovation Base of stem cell and Gene Therapy for endocrine Metabolic diseases; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &amp; Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; “Chuangxin China” Innovation Base of stem cell and Gene Therapy for endocrine Metabolic diseases; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, ChinaObjective: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is known to be associated with depression. However, the evidence concerning the association between vitamin D status and depressive episodes in population with prediabetes and diabetes remains limited. This study seeks to investigate the potential relationship between vitamin D levels and depression in this population. Methods: This cohort study comprised 55,252 individuals with prediabetes and 17,369 patients with diabetes, who exhibited no signs of depression at baseline. Baseline 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for depression, with adjustments made for potential confounding variables. Results: Over a mean follow-up period of 11.7 years, a total of 2,409 depression events were documented in participants with diabetes; and 6,078 depression events were recorded in the prediabetic participants, during a mean follow-up of 12.3 years. Vitamin D sufficiency (≥75 nmol/L) was observed in only 12.5% of individuals with prediabetes and 11.3% of those with diabetes. After multivariate adjustment, an inverse and dose-dependent relationship was identified between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and the risk of depression in prediabetic and diabetic participants (P trend <0.05). Compared with the lowest 25(OH)D level (<25 nmol/L), the highest level (≥75 nmol/L) exhibited a 17% reduction in the risk of depressive events (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.75−0.93) among individuals with prediabetes and a 25% reduction (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.61−0.90) among those with diabetes。 Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the critical importance of prioritizing serum 25(OH)D levels in the management of depression in patients with diabetes and prediabetes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770725000806DepressionVitamin D25-hydroxyvitamin DDiabetesPrediabetesUK Biobank
spellingShingle Huaxue Li
Guodong Liu
Yicheng Ma
Yingzhou Shi
Junming Han
Shengyu Tian
Hang Dong
Peipei Wang
Yingli Lu
Qiang Wang
Ling Gao
Yiping Cheng
Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the risk of depression in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes: A prospective cohort study
The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging
Depression
Vitamin D
25-hydroxyvitamin D
Diabetes
Prediabetes
UK Biobank
title Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the risk of depression in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes: A prospective cohort study
title_full Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the risk of depression in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes: A prospective cohort study
title_fullStr Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the risk of depression in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes: A prospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the risk of depression in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes: A prospective cohort study
title_short Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the risk of depression in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes: A prospective cohort study
title_sort association of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin d with the risk of depression in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes a prospective cohort study
topic Depression
Vitamin D
25-hydroxyvitamin D
Diabetes
Prediabetes
UK Biobank
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770725000806
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