Chaotic solutions found in the gravity model of network transport

The gravity model is a mathematical model that applies Newton's universal law of gravitation to socioeconomic transport phenomena and has been widely used to describe world trade, intercity traffic flows, and business transactions for several decades. However, its strong nonlinearity and divers...

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Main Authors: Hajime Koike, Hideki Takayasu, Misako Takayasu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-06-01
Series:Physical Review Research
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023232
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author Hajime Koike
Hideki Takayasu
Misako Takayasu
author_facet Hajime Koike
Hideki Takayasu
Misako Takayasu
author_sort Hajime Koike
collection DOAJ
description The gravity model is a mathematical model that applies Newton's universal law of gravitation to socioeconomic transport phenomena and has been widely used to describe world trade, intercity traffic flows, and business transactions for several decades. However, its strong nonlinearity and diverse network topology make a theoretical analysis difficult, and only a short history of studies on its stability exists. In this study, the stability of gravity models defined on networks with few nodes is analyzed in detail using numerical simulations. It was found that, other than the previously known transition of stationary solutions from a unique diffusion solution to multiple localized solutions, parameter regions exist where periodic solutions with the same repeated motions and chaotic solutions with no periods are realized. The smallest network with chaotic solutions was found to be a ring with seven nodes, which produced a new type of chaotic solution in the form of a mixture of right and left periodic solutions.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2643-1564
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher American Physical Society
record_format Article
series Physical Review Research
spelling doaj-art-229bbcbbfdb84e02b72c4aadd8c638572025-08-20T03:26:11ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Research2643-15642025-06-017202323210.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023232Chaotic solutions found in the gravity model of network transportHajime KoikeHideki TakayasuMisako TakayasuThe gravity model is a mathematical model that applies Newton's universal law of gravitation to socioeconomic transport phenomena and has been widely used to describe world trade, intercity traffic flows, and business transactions for several decades. However, its strong nonlinearity and diverse network topology make a theoretical analysis difficult, and only a short history of studies on its stability exists. In this study, the stability of gravity models defined on networks with few nodes is analyzed in detail using numerical simulations. It was found that, other than the previously known transition of stationary solutions from a unique diffusion solution to multiple localized solutions, parameter regions exist where periodic solutions with the same repeated motions and chaotic solutions with no periods are realized. The smallest network with chaotic solutions was found to be a ring with seven nodes, which produced a new type of chaotic solution in the form of a mixture of right and left periodic solutions.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023232
spellingShingle Hajime Koike
Hideki Takayasu
Misako Takayasu
Chaotic solutions found in the gravity model of network transport
Physical Review Research
title Chaotic solutions found in the gravity model of network transport
title_full Chaotic solutions found in the gravity model of network transport
title_fullStr Chaotic solutions found in the gravity model of network transport
title_full_unstemmed Chaotic solutions found in the gravity model of network transport
title_short Chaotic solutions found in the gravity model of network transport
title_sort chaotic solutions found in the gravity model of network transport
url http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023232
work_keys_str_mv AT hajimekoike chaoticsolutionsfoundinthegravitymodelofnetworktransport
AT hidekitakayasu chaoticsolutionsfoundinthegravitymodelofnetworktransport
AT misakotakayasu chaoticsolutionsfoundinthegravitymodelofnetworktransport