Antimicrobial Resistance and Novel Alternative Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health issue. The unprecedented spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms has been identified by the World Health Organization as one of the leading healthcare threats. Projections for annual worldwide deaths attributed to antimicrobial resistance a...

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Main Authors: Irene Berger, Zvi G. Loewy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-07-01
Series:Bacteria
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1334/3/3/12
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author Irene Berger
Zvi G. Loewy
author_facet Irene Berger
Zvi G. Loewy
author_sort Irene Berger
collection DOAJ
description Antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health issue. The unprecedented spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms has been identified by the World Health Organization as one of the leading healthcare threats. Projections for annual worldwide deaths attributed to antimicrobial resistance approach 10 million by 2050, with an associated economic burden of USD 100 trillion. This paper reviews the mechanisms known to contribute to antimicrobial resistance and provides insight into potential available alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial approaches addressed include dual antibiotic therapy, antimicrobial peptides, monoclonal antibodies, bacteriophages, probiotics, nanomaterials, and cannabinoids. Key pathogens in need of antimicrobials referred to as the ESKAPE pathogens are discussed.
format Article
id doaj-art-22973b8fea84478ca16a21b2efbcf6c3
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spelling doaj-art-22973b8fea84478ca16a21b2efbcf6c32025-08-20T01:56:10ZengMDPI AGBacteria2674-13342024-07-013317118210.3390/bacteria3030012Antimicrobial Resistance and Novel Alternative Approaches to Conventional AntibioticsIrene Berger0Zvi G. Loewy1Touro College of Pharmacy, Touro University, New York, NY 10036, USATouro College of Pharmacy, Touro University, New York, NY 10036, USAAntimicrobial resistance is a significant public health issue. The unprecedented spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms has been identified by the World Health Organization as one of the leading healthcare threats. Projections for annual worldwide deaths attributed to antimicrobial resistance approach 10 million by 2050, with an associated economic burden of USD 100 trillion. This paper reviews the mechanisms known to contribute to antimicrobial resistance and provides insight into potential available alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial approaches addressed include dual antibiotic therapy, antimicrobial peptides, monoclonal antibodies, bacteriophages, probiotics, nanomaterials, and cannabinoids. Key pathogens in need of antimicrobials referred to as the ESKAPE pathogens are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1334/3/3/12ntibioticsresistancepeptidebacteriophageprobioticsnanoparticles
spellingShingle Irene Berger
Zvi G. Loewy
Antimicrobial Resistance and Novel Alternative Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics
Bacteria
ntibiotics
resistance
peptide
bacteriophage
probiotics
nanoparticles
title Antimicrobial Resistance and Novel Alternative Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics
title_full Antimicrobial Resistance and Novel Alternative Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics
title_fullStr Antimicrobial Resistance and Novel Alternative Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics
title_full_unstemmed Antimicrobial Resistance and Novel Alternative Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics
title_short Antimicrobial Resistance and Novel Alternative Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics
title_sort antimicrobial resistance and novel alternative approaches to conventional antibiotics
topic ntibiotics
resistance
peptide
bacteriophage
probiotics
nanoparticles
url https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1334/3/3/12
work_keys_str_mv AT ireneberger antimicrobialresistanceandnovelalternativeapproachestoconventionalantibiotics
AT zvigloewy antimicrobialresistanceandnovelalternativeapproachestoconventionalantibiotics