Waste Nutshell Particulate Biocomposites with Geopolymer Matrix
The objective of this study was to explore the potential of creating advanced insulating biocomposites using waste almond and hazelnut shells as particulate fillers, combined with a geopolymer binder, to develop sustainable materials with minimal environmental impact. Optimal conditions for the prep...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Biomass |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8783/5/2/31 |
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| author | Filip Brleković Katarina Mužina Tatjana Haramina Stanislav Kurajica |
| author_facet | Filip Brleković Katarina Mužina Tatjana Haramina Stanislav Kurajica |
| author_sort | Filip Brleković |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this study was to explore the potential of creating advanced insulating biocomposites using waste almond and hazelnut shells as particulate fillers, combined with a geopolymer binder, to develop sustainable materials with minimal environmental impact. Optimal conditions for the preparation of biocomposites were determined by measuring the compressive strengths. The aforementioned optimal conditions included a geopolymer to waste nutshell mass ratio of 2, room-temperature curing, and the use of metakaolin geopolymers activated with potassium solutions. Notably, the highest compressive strengths of 4.1 MPa for hazelnut shells biocomposite and 6.4 MPa for almond shells biocomposite were obtained with milk of lime pretreatment at 80 °C for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses revealed better adhesion, as well as improved geopolymer gel polymerization. Furthermore, thermal conductivity and diffusivity measurements demonstrated values characteristic of insulating materials, reinforcing their potential for eco-friendly construction applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-22892ad2eba74e9482f35f58d6c4226d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-8783 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomass |
| spelling | doaj-art-22892ad2eba74e9482f35f58d6c4226d2025-08-20T02:24:22ZengMDPI AGBiomass2673-87832025-05-01523110.3390/biomass5020031Waste Nutshell Particulate Biocomposites with Geopolymer MatrixFilip Brleković0Katarina Mužina1Tatjana Haramina2Stanislav Kurajica3Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10002 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaThe objective of this study was to explore the potential of creating advanced insulating biocomposites using waste almond and hazelnut shells as particulate fillers, combined with a geopolymer binder, to develop sustainable materials with minimal environmental impact. Optimal conditions for the preparation of biocomposites were determined by measuring the compressive strengths. The aforementioned optimal conditions included a geopolymer to waste nutshell mass ratio of 2, room-temperature curing, and the use of metakaolin geopolymers activated with potassium solutions. Notably, the highest compressive strengths of 4.1 MPa for hazelnut shells biocomposite and 6.4 MPa for almond shells biocomposite were obtained with milk of lime pretreatment at 80 °C for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses revealed better adhesion, as well as improved geopolymer gel polymerization. Furthermore, thermal conductivity and diffusivity measurements demonstrated values characteristic of insulating materials, reinforcing their potential for eco-friendly construction applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8783/5/2/31waste nutshellgeopolymersbiocompositescompressive strengththermal conductivity |
| spellingShingle | Filip Brleković Katarina Mužina Tatjana Haramina Stanislav Kurajica Waste Nutshell Particulate Biocomposites with Geopolymer Matrix Biomass waste nutshell geopolymers biocomposites compressive strength thermal conductivity |
| title | Waste Nutshell Particulate Biocomposites with Geopolymer Matrix |
| title_full | Waste Nutshell Particulate Biocomposites with Geopolymer Matrix |
| title_fullStr | Waste Nutshell Particulate Biocomposites with Geopolymer Matrix |
| title_full_unstemmed | Waste Nutshell Particulate Biocomposites with Geopolymer Matrix |
| title_short | Waste Nutshell Particulate Biocomposites with Geopolymer Matrix |
| title_sort | waste nutshell particulate biocomposites with geopolymer matrix |
| topic | waste nutshell geopolymers biocomposites compressive strength thermal conductivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8783/5/2/31 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT filipbrlekovic wastenutshellparticulatebiocompositeswithgeopolymermatrix AT katarinamuzina wastenutshellparticulatebiocompositeswithgeopolymermatrix AT tatjanaharamina wastenutshellparticulatebiocompositeswithgeopolymermatrix AT stanislavkurajica wastenutshellparticulatebiocompositeswithgeopolymermatrix |