Transcriptome analysis reveals defense responses of alfalfa seedling roots to Sclerotium rolfsii

IntroductionSclerotium rolfsii is a major pathogen responsible for root rot in various plants, including alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Additionally, this pathogen can also cause root diseases in alfalfa relatives, such as Medicago truncatula, soybean (Glycine max), and mung bean (Vigna radiata). This s...

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Main Authors: Shizhen Jia, Zhencuo Dan, He Li, Yuhan Guo, Lei Jia, Ailing Yu, Huitong Zhan, Xiangjun Liu, Teng Gao, Yun Shi, Zeng-Yu Wang, Lili Cong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1561723/full
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author Shizhen Jia
Shizhen Jia
Zhencuo Dan
Zhencuo Dan
He Li
He Li
Yuhan Guo
Yuhan Guo
Lei Jia
Lei Jia
Ailing Yu
Ailing Yu
Huitong Zhan
Huitong Zhan
Xiangjun Liu
Xiangjun Liu
Teng Gao
Teng Gao
Yun Shi
Yun Shi
Zeng-Yu Wang
Zeng-Yu Wang
Lili Cong
Lili Cong
Lili Cong
author_facet Shizhen Jia
Shizhen Jia
Zhencuo Dan
Zhencuo Dan
He Li
He Li
Yuhan Guo
Yuhan Guo
Lei Jia
Lei Jia
Ailing Yu
Ailing Yu
Huitong Zhan
Huitong Zhan
Xiangjun Liu
Xiangjun Liu
Teng Gao
Teng Gao
Yun Shi
Yun Shi
Zeng-Yu Wang
Zeng-Yu Wang
Lili Cong
Lili Cong
Lili Cong
author_sort Shizhen Jia
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionSclerotium rolfsii is a major pathogen responsible for root rot in various plants, including alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Additionally, this pathogen can also cause root diseases in alfalfa relatives, such as Medicago truncatula, soybean (Glycine max), and mung bean (Vigna radiata). This study aims to explore the interaction mechanisms between alfalfa and S. rolfsii, identify key regulatory factors involved in disease resistance, and provide insights for improving alfalfa's resistance to root rot. MethodsIn this study, the S. rolfsii strain CZL1 was isolated and identified as the primary pathogen responsible for root rot outbreaks in Qingdao, Shandong Province. M. sativa cv. WuDi was used as the experimental material. After inoculating the plants with strain CZL1, root samples were collected at 24 hours post-inoculation (hpi) and 4 days post-inoculation (dpi) for transcriptome sequencing.ResultsA total of 11,433 and 12,063 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at CK (Control, non-inoculated) versus T24 h (24 hpi) and CK versus T4 d (4 dpi), respectively. Plant hormone signal transduction pathways exhibited the highest number of DEGs at 24 hpi, while plant-pathogen interaction pathways were dominant at 4 dpi. Key genes in these pathways include PR-1 (Pathogenesis-Related protein 1), PPR (Pentatricopeptide Repeat protein), and F-box (F-box Kelch-repeat protein). Additionally, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, which is involved in lignin and flavonoid synthesis, plays a crucial role in disease resistance. Important genes involved in this pathway, such as PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, and CHI, were found to be significantly enriched. Furthermore, the WRKY transcription factor family was identified as a key regulator of multiple metabolic pathways related to disease resistance.ConclusionThe findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the key molecular factors involved in alfalfa’s response to S. rolfsii infection, laying a theoretical foundation for future research on disease resistance mechanisms in alfalfa.
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spelling doaj-art-22840387ef3c45d3bc790a449cd22f722025-08-20T02:16:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-04-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15617231561723Transcriptome analysis reveals defense responses of alfalfa seedling roots to Sclerotium rolfsiiShizhen Jia0Shizhen Jia1Zhencuo Dan2Zhencuo Dan3He Li4He Li5Yuhan Guo6Yuhan Guo7Lei Jia8Lei Jia9Ailing Yu10Ailing Yu11Huitong Zhan12Huitong Zhan13Xiangjun Liu14Xiangjun Liu15Teng Gao16Teng Gao17Yun Shi18Yun Shi19Zeng-Yu Wang20Zeng-Yu Wang21Lili Cong22Lili Cong23Lili Cong24College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaHinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Husbandry Sciences, Ulanhot, ChinaInner Mongolia Innovation Center of Biological Breeding Technology, Ulanhot, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grassland Resources and Ecology in Yellow River Delta, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, ChinaInner Mongolia Innovation Center of Biological Breeding Technology, Ulanhot, ChinaIntroductionSclerotium rolfsii is a major pathogen responsible for root rot in various plants, including alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Additionally, this pathogen can also cause root diseases in alfalfa relatives, such as Medicago truncatula, soybean (Glycine max), and mung bean (Vigna radiata). This study aims to explore the interaction mechanisms between alfalfa and S. rolfsii, identify key regulatory factors involved in disease resistance, and provide insights for improving alfalfa's resistance to root rot. MethodsIn this study, the S. rolfsii strain CZL1 was isolated and identified as the primary pathogen responsible for root rot outbreaks in Qingdao, Shandong Province. M. sativa cv. WuDi was used as the experimental material. After inoculating the plants with strain CZL1, root samples were collected at 24 hours post-inoculation (hpi) and 4 days post-inoculation (dpi) for transcriptome sequencing.ResultsA total of 11,433 and 12,063 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at CK (Control, non-inoculated) versus T24 h (24 hpi) and CK versus T4 d (4 dpi), respectively. Plant hormone signal transduction pathways exhibited the highest number of DEGs at 24 hpi, while plant-pathogen interaction pathways were dominant at 4 dpi. Key genes in these pathways include PR-1 (Pathogenesis-Related protein 1), PPR (Pentatricopeptide Repeat protein), and F-box (F-box Kelch-repeat protein). Additionally, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, which is involved in lignin and flavonoid synthesis, plays a crucial role in disease resistance. Important genes involved in this pathway, such as PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, and CHI, were found to be significantly enriched. Furthermore, the WRKY transcription factor family was identified as a key regulator of multiple metabolic pathways related to disease resistance.ConclusionThe findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the key molecular factors involved in alfalfa’s response to S. rolfsii infection, laying a theoretical foundation for future research on disease resistance mechanisms in alfalfa.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1561723/fullalfalfaSclerotium rolfsiitranscriptome sequencingWGCNAresponse mechanism
spellingShingle Shizhen Jia
Shizhen Jia
Zhencuo Dan
Zhencuo Dan
He Li
He Li
Yuhan Guo
Yuhan Guo
Lei Jia
Lei Jia
Ailing Yu
Ailing Yu
Huitong Zhan
Huitong Zhan
Xiangjun Liu
Xiangjun Liu
Teng Gao
Teng Gao
Yun Shi
Yun Shi
Zeng-Yu Wang
Zeng-Yu Wang
Lili Cong
Lili Cong
Lili Cong
Transcriptome analysis reveals defense responses of alfalfa seedling roots to Sclerotium rolfsii
Frontiers in Plant Science
alfalfa
Sclerotium rolfsii
transcriptome sequencing
WGCNA
response mechanism
title Transcriptome analysis reveals defense responses of alfalfa seedling roots to Sclerotium rolfsii
title_full Transcriptome analysis reveals defense responses of alfalfa seedling roots to Sclerotium rolfsii
title_fullStr Transcriptome analysis reveals defense responses of alfalfa seedling roots to Sclerotium rolfsii
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptome analysis reveals defense responses of alfalfa seedling roots to Sclerotium rolfsii
title_short Transcriptome analysis reveals defense responses of alfalfa seedling roots to Sclerotium rolfsii
title_sort transcriptome analysis reveals defense responses of alfalfa seedling roots to sclerotium rolfsii
topic alfalfa
Sclerotium rolfsii
transcriptome sequencing
WGCNA
response mechanism
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1561723/full
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