Evaluation of some fungicides for inhibiting proteolytic fungi isolated from leather binding of a historical manuscript dated back to the Mamluk period
Abstract Fungi have an essential role in deterioration of historical leather bindings, leading to major problems in the preservative state of these artifacts. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of some fungicides and nanoparticles materials against fungal activity of historical leather bindi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Heritage Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01511-y |
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| author | Mostafa Abdel-Hamied Ahmed A. M. Abdelhafez Rania F. Ahmed Sherif H. Abd-Alrahman Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud |
| author_facet | Mostafa Abdel-Hamied Ahmed A. M. Abdelhafez Rania F. Ahmed Sherif H. Abd-Alrahman Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud |
| author_sort | Mostafa Abdel-Hamied |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Fungi have an essential role in deterioration of historical leather bindings, leading to major problems in the preservative state of these artifacts. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of some fungicides and nanoparticles materials against fungal activity of historical leather bindings. Historical leather binding from an illuminated paper manuscript dating back to the Mamluk period (1250–1516 AD) at the Al-Azhar library, Cairo, Egypt was examined for fungal infection, and isolation. Results of the present study showed, 21 fungal isolates were isolated and identified using morphological and molecular techniques as Alternaria alternate (5%), Aspergillus fumigatus (43%), Aspergillus niger (43%), Aspergillus terrus (5%), and Penicillium chrysogenum (5%). All fungal isolates exhibited proteolytic activity. Aspergillus niger (2–7) and Aspergillus fumigatus (3–4) achieved the highest proteolytic activity amongst obtained fungal strains. Seven fungicides, difenoconazole, propiconazole, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, boscalid, dimethomorph, and thiophanate-methyl as individual active ingredient and two mixtures [difenoconazole combined with propiconazole (1:1)] and [boscalid combined with pyraclostrobin (2:1)] were evaluated at different concentrations against A. fumigatus and A. niger. Additionally, the effect of titanium and silicon dioxides nanoparticles, against the highest proteolytic fungi A. fumigatus and A. niger was evaluated. The fungal growth inhibition was assessed by the disc diffusion method (DDM). The results revealed that individual or mixed boscalid and pyraclostrobin fungicides at 300 ppm achieved the highest inhibition activity against A. fumigatus, but the linear diagram showed that individual boscalid and pyraclostrobin fungicides at 200 ppm was the ideal concentration for application with the leather samples in the future study. The mixture of boscalid + pyraclostrobin (2:1) exhibited the best preservation effect against A. niger achieving 65.9%, and 82.4% microbial inhibition at 150, and 300 ppm, respectively, followed by individual boscalid fungicide. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-227e7441346f43378760fd7e01b19bed |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2050-7445 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heritage Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-227e7441346f43378760fd7e01b19bed2025-08-20T02:31:44ZengSpringerOpenHeritage Science2050-74452024-12-0112112210.1186/s40494-024-01511-yEvaluation of some fungicides for inhibiting proteolytic fungi isolated from leather binding of a historical manuscript dated back to the Mamluk periodMostafa Abdel-Hamied0Ahmed A. M. Abdelhafez1Rania F. Ahmed2Sherif H. Abd-Alrahman3Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud4Organic Materials Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo UniversityFaculty of Organic Agriculture, Heliopolis University for Sustainable DevelopmentDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams UniversityPesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research CentreHeritage Science Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST)Abstract Fungi have an essential role in deterioration of historical leather bindings, leading to major problems in the preservative state of these artifacts. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of some fungicides and nanoparticles materials against fungal activity of historical leather bindings. Historical leather binding from an illuminated paper manuscript dating back to the Mamluk period (1250–1516 AD) at the Al-Azhar library, Cairo, Egypt was examined for fungal infection, and isolation. Results of the present study showed, 21 fungal isolates were isolated and identified using morphological and molecular techniques as Alternaria alternate (5%), Aspergillus fumigatus (43%), Aspergillus niger (43%), Aspergillus terrus (5%), and Penicillium chrysogenum (5%). All fungal isolates exhibited proteolytic activity. Aspergillus niger (2–7) and Aspergillus fumigatus (3–4) achieved the highest proteolytic activity amongst obtained fungal strains. Seven fungicides, difenoconazole, propiconazole, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, boscalid, dimethomorph, and thiophanate-methyl as individual active ingredient and two mixtures [difenoconazole combined with propiconazole (1:1)] and [boscalid combined with pyraclostrobin (2:1)] were evaluated at different concentrations against A. fumigatus and A. niger. Additionally, the effect of titanium and silicon dioxides nanoparticles, against the highest proteolytic fungi A. fumigatus and A. niger was evaluated. The fungal growth inhibition was assessed by the disc diffusion method (DDM). The results revealed that individual or mixed boscalid and pyraclostrobin fungicides at 300 ppm achieved the highest inhibition activity against A. fumigatus, but the linear diagram showed that individual boscalid and pyraclostrobin fungicides at 200 ppm was the ideal concentration for application with the leather samples in the future study. The mixture of boscalid + pyraclostrobin (2:1) exhibited the best preservation effect against A. niger achieving 65.9%, and 82.4% microbial inhibition at 150, and 300 ppm, respectively, followed by individual boscalid fungicide.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01511-yHistorical leather bindingDeteriorationProteolytic fungiAntifungal activity assessmentFungicidesNanoparticles materials |
| spellingShingle | Mostafa Abdel-Hamied Ahmed A. M. Abdelhafez Rania F. Ahmed Sherif H. Abd-Alrahman Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud Evaluation of some fungicides for inhibiting proteolytic fungi isolated from leather binding of a historical manuscript dated back to the Mamluk period Heritage Science Historical leather binding Deterioration Proteolytic fungi Antifungal activity assessment Fungicides Nanoparticles materials |
| title | Evaluation of some fungicides for inhibiting proteolytic fungi isolated from leather binding of a historical manuscript dated back to the Mamluk period |
| title_full | Evaluation of some fungicides for inhibiting proteolytic fungi isolated from leather binding of a historical manuscript dated back to the Mamluk period |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of some fungicides for inhibiting proteolytic fungi isolated from leather binding of a historical manuscript dated back to the Mamluk period |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of some fungicides for inhibiting proteolytic fungi isolated from leather binding of a historical manuscript dated back to the Mamluk period |
| title_short | Evaluation of some fungicides for inhibiting proteolytic fungi isolated from leather binding of a historical manuscript dated back to the Mamluk period |
| title_sort | evaluation of some fungicides for inhibiting proteolytic fungi isolated from leather binding of a historical manuscript dated back to the mamluk period |
| topic | Historical leather binding Deterioration Proteolytic fungi Antifungal activity assessment Fungicides Nanoparticles materials |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01511-y |
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