The Planned Alternating Pathways: a flexible protocol for working with anorexic and bulimic adolescents and their families

The article presents the Planned Alternating Pathways, a flexible systemic protocol structured into four phases for working with adolescent with anorexia and bulimia and their families. Largely inspired by the Family Semantic Polarity Theory, it maintains the assumption of pioneering systemic approa...

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Main Authors: Valeria Ugazio, Lisa Chiara Fellin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1603246/full
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author Valeria Ugazio
Lisa Chiara Fellin
author_facet Valeria Ugazio
Lisa Chiara Fellin
author_sort Valeria Ugazio
collection DOAJ
description The article presents the Planned Alternating Pathways, a flexible systemic protocol structured into four phases for working with adolescent with anorexia and bulimia and their families. Largely inspired by the Family Semantic Polarity Theory, it maintains the assumption of pioneering systemic approaches that anorexia and bulimia are coping strategies, albeit very dangerous. The protocol aims to empower the family as a whole. Its main purpose is to change the positions of the patient and the family members who feel and/or are considered to be at a disadvantage, while reducing internal competition and polarization between so-called “winners” and “losers.” These are particularly harsh in families with eating disorders, where the semantic of power generally prevails. The protocol places tailored psychotherapy at its centre and revolves around three main objectives: (1) to maximise the generally fragile therapeutic alliance with the family and above all with the patient; (2) to lengthen the treatment; 3) to overcome a typical therapeutic dilemma of eating disorders concerning the duration of the treatment. The psychotherapeutic process should be long enough to address the identity issues of the patient with anorexia or bulimia, but as soon as the patient regains a normal or near-normal weight, parents drop out therapy or put the therapeutic team in the position of terminating it. The introduction of an individual phase helps to prevent this too early conclusion of treatment and distinguishes the format from that of traditional family therapy. The individual path approaches the patient’s emotions, feelings and moods in an indirect way, while helping the patient to discover her hidden talent, often suppressed by “competitive trails.” This phase also paves the way for a possible return to therapy, should existential issues arise in the future. The protocol can be extended to the treatment of adolescents or young adults with other problems and disorders, because it takes into account the changes that have occurred in all families that make it difficult long-term involvement of the whole family in the therapeutic experience. It also enhances the family’s resources while reduces the asymmetry between patients and therapists increasingly unpalatable in Western societies.
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spelling doaj-art-227bf786414747f3be8bbfd8586b36c62025-08-20T03:53:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-05-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.16032461603246The Planned Alternating Pathways: a flexible protocol for working with anorexic and bulimic adolescents and their familiesValeria Ugazio0Lisa Chiara Fellin1European Institute of Systemic-relational Therapies, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, ItalyThe article presents the Planned Alternating Pathways, a flexible systemic protocol structured into four phases for working with adolescent with anorexia and bulimia and their families. Largely inspired by the Family Semantic Polarity Theory, it maintains the assumption of pioneering systemic approaches that anorexia and bulimia are coping strategies, albeit very dangerous. The protocol aims to empower the family as a whole. Its main purpose is to change the positions of the patient and the family members who feel and/or are considered to be at a disadvantage, while reducing internal competition and polarization between so-called “winners” and “losers.” These are particularly harsh in families with eating disorders, where the semantic of power generally prevails. The protocol places tailored psychotherapy at its centre and revolves around three main objectives: (1) to maximise the generally fragile therapeutic alliance with the family and above all with the patient; (2) to lengthen the treatment; 3) to overcome a typical therapeutic dilemma of eating disorders concerning the duration of the treatment. The psychotherapeutic process should be long enough to address the identity issues of the patient with anorexia or bulimia, but as soon as the patient regains a normal or near-normal weight, parents drop out therapy or put the therapeutic team in the position of terminating it. The introduction of an individual phase helps to prevent this too early conclusion of treatment and distinguishes the format from that of traditional family therapy. The individual path approaches the patient’s emotions, feelings and moods in an indirect way, while helping the patient to discover her hidden talent, often suppressed by “competitive trails.” This phase also paves the way for a possible return to therapy, should existential issues arise in the future. The protocol can be extended to the treatment of adolescents or young adults with other problems and disorders, because it takes into account the changes that have occurred in all families that make it difficult long-term involvement of the whole family in the therapeutic experience. It also enhances the family’s resources while reduces the asymmetry between patients and therapists increasingly unpalatable in Western societies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1603246/fulleating disordersanorexia/bulimiatherapeutic alliance in adolescencesystemic therapiesfamily therapeutic allianceadolescent eating disorders
spellingShingle Valeria Ugazio
Lisa Chiara Fellin
The Planned Alternating Pathways: a flexible protocol for working with anorexic and bulimic adolescents and their families
Frontiers in Psychology
eating disorders
anorexia/bulimia
therapeutic alliance in adolescence
systemic therapies
family therapeutic alliance
adolescent eating disorders
title The Planned Alternating Pathways: a flexible protocol for working with anorexic and bulimic adolescents and their families
title_full The Planned Alternating Pathways: a flexible protocol for working with anorexic and bulimic adolescents and their families
title_fullStr The Planned Alternating Pathways: a flexible protocol for working with anorexic and bulimic adolescents and their families
title_full_unstemmed The Planned Alternating Pathways: a flexible protocol for working with anorexic and bulimic adolescents and their families
title_short The Planned Alternating Pathways: a flexible protocol for working with anorexic and bulimic adolescents and their families
title_sort planned alternating pathways a flexible protocol for working with anorexic and bulimic adolescents and their families
topic eating disorders
anorexia/bulimia
therapeutic alliance in adolescence
systemic therapies
family therapeutic alliance
adolescent eating disorders
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1603246/full
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