Issues of determining the effects of migration on population growth in Ulaanbaatar
Since Mongolia's transition to a market economy in the 1990s, the “Great Migration” from rural to urban areas due to job shortages and natural disasters (droughts and dzud - disaster affecting livestock caused by severe natural conditions) in rural areas has continued. Many of these in-migrants...
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Mongolian Academy of Sciences
2023-11-01
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| author | Tsedev-Ish Otgonkhuu Sandag Enkh-Amgalan Shugatai Amanguli |
| author_facet | Tsedev-Ish Otgonkhuu Sandag Enkh-Amgalan Shugatai Amanguli |
| author_sort | Tsedev-Ish Otgonkhuu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since Mongolia's transition to a market economy in the 1990s, the “Great Migration” from rural to urban areas due to job shortages and natural disasters (droughts and dzud - disaster affecting livestock caused by severe natural conditions) in rural areas has continued. Many of these in-migrants have settled in large cities and their suburbs, especially in Ulaanbaatar, leading to many problems, including environmental pollution, traffic congestion, and overcrowding of social services. In addition, a number of studies have been conducted in Mongolia about the types of internal migration, factors influencing it, causes, characteristics of migrants, consequences and vulnerabilities. However, there is a lack of research about population location, density, settlement and their changes due to migration, especially the urban-rural population ratio, urban population growth and the impact of migration on it. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the main indicators of population migration in Ulaanbaatar, to determine its impact on population growth, to evaluate and to determine future trend. Within the framework of the study, spatial and statistical analysis of data and materials of the last 30 years (1990-2019) of the main population indicators of Ulaanbaatar was conducted and future trend was determined based on the population projections. According to the research results, in-migrants were always dominant in Ulaanbaatar from 1990 to 2019, and the intensity of migration generally increased in the years following droughts and dzuds. In addition, a total of 663.1 thousand people migrated to Ulaanbaatar from aimags and rural areas over the last 30 years, which is equal to 45.2 percent of the total population of Ulaanbaatar in 2019. As a result, urban population of Mongolia counted 2,212.9 thousand in 2020, and the urbanization rate reached 68.0 percent, of which 67.7 percent is concentrated in Ulaanbaatar alone. Between 2000 and 2009, 47.4 percent of the total in-migrants (1990-2019) or 314.5 thousand people moved to Ulaanbaatar, which was the peak of migration to Ulaanbaatar. From a population perspective, Ulaanbaatar's population is expected to reach 2.5 million or the equivalent of 50.5 percent of the total population of the country in 2050. In order to reduce overcrowding in Ulaanbaatar, it is necessary, in the future, to reduce inland migration from rual areas to Ulaanbaatar, reduce the gap between urban and rural development levels, support and develop regional development cities, and diversify settlements system. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2278471d385a4035bfbc53b0ff124d36 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2310-4716 2312-2994 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Mongolian Academy of Sciences |
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| series | Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-2278471d385a4035bfbc53b0ff124d362025-08-20T02:22:19ZengMongolian Academy of SciencesProceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences2310-47162312-29942023-11-01102010.5564/pmas.v63i03.34033354Issues of determining the effects of migration on population growth in UlaanbaatarTsedev-Ish Otgonkhuu0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2920-1987Sandag Enkh-Amgalan1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9380-4486Shugatai Amanguli2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-113XDepartment of Social and Economic Geography, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaDepartment of Social and Economic Geography, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaDepartment of Regional Studies, Institute of International Studies, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, MongoliaSince Mongolia's transition to a market economy in the 1990s, the “Great Migration” from rural to urban areas due to job shortages and natural disasters (droughts and dzud - disaster affecting livestock caused by severe natural conditions) in rural areas has continued. Many of these in-migrants have settled in large cities and their suburbs, especially in Ulaanbaatar, leading to many problems, including environmental pollution, traffic congestion, and overcrowding of social services. In addition, a number of studies have been conducted in Mongolia about the types of internal migration, factors influencing it, causes, characteristics of migrants, consequences and vulnerabilities. However, there is a lack of research about population location, density, settlement and their changes due to migration, especially the urban-rural population ratio, urban population growth and the impact of migration on it. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the main indicators of population migration in Ulaanbaatar, to determine its impact on population growth, to evaluate and to determine future trend. Within the framework of the study, spatial and statistical analysis of data and materials of the last 30 years (1990-2019) of the main population indicators of Ulaanbaatar was conducted and future trend was determined based on the population projections. According to the research results, in-migrants were always dominant in Ulaanbaatar from 1990 to 2019, and the intensity of migration generally increased in the years following droughts and dzuds. In addition, a total of 663.1 thousand people migrated to Ulaanbaatar from aimags and rural areas over the last 30 years, which is equal to 45.2 percent of the total population of Ulaanbaatar in 2019. As a result, urban population of Mongolia counted 2,212.9 thousand in 2020, and the urbanization rate reached 68.0 percent, of which 67.7 percent is concentrated in Ulaanbaatar alone. Between 2000 and 2009, 47.4 percent of the total in-migrants (1990-2019) or 314.5 thousand people moved to Ulaanbaatar, which was the peak of migration to Ulaanbaatar. From a population perspective, Ulaanbaatar's population is expected to reach 2.5 million or the equivalent of 50.5 percent of the total population of the country in 2050. In order to reduce overcrowding in Ulaanbaatar, it is necessary, in the future, to reduce inland migration from rual areas to Ulaanbaatar, reduce the gap between urban and rural development levels, support and develop regional development cities, and diversify settlements system.https://www.mongoliajol.info/index.php/PMAS/article/view/3403populationpopulation growthmigration, rural to urban migrationmongolia |
| spellingShingle | Tsedev-Ish Otgonkhuu Sandag Enkh-Amgalan Shugatai Amanguli Issues of determining the effects of migration on population growth in Ulaanbaatar Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences population population growth migration, rural to urban migration mongolia |
| title | Issues of determining the effects of migration on population growth in Ulaanbaatar |
| title_full | Issues of determining the effects of migration on population growth in Ulaanbaatar |
| title_fullStr | Issues of determining the effects of migration on population growth in Ulaanbaatar |
| title_full_unstemmed | Issues of determining the effects of migration on population growth in Ulaanbaatar |
| title_short | Issues of determining the effects of migration on population growth in Ulaanbaatar |
| title_sort | issues of determining the effects of migration on population growth in ulaanbaatar |
| topic | population population growth migration, rural to urban migration mongolia |
| url | https://www.mongoliajol.info/index.php/PMAS/article/view/3403 |
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