Seed Dormancy and Germination Responses of <i>Salicornia brachiata</i>: Towards Sustainable Cultivation and Conservation in Saline Habitats

<i>Salicornia brachiata</i> Roxb., an economically and ecologically significant halophytic species native to Sri Lanka, produces dimorphic seeds. Despite their importance for commercial cultivation and conservation, germination studies of these dimorphic seeds remain limited. This study...

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Main Authors: Sandani M. Gunasekara, Chamara L. Mendis, Dinum Perera, Malaka M. Wijayasinghe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/1893
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author Sandani M. Gunasekara
Chamara L. Mendis
Dinum Perera
Malaka M. Wijayasinghe
author_facet Sandani M. Gunasekara
Chamara L. Mendis
Dinum Perera
Malaka M. Wijayasinghe
author_sort Sandani M. Gunasekara
collection DOAJ
description <i>Salicornia brachiata</i> Roxb., an economically and ecologically significant halophytic species native to Sri Lanka, produces dimorphic seeds. Despite their importance for commercial cultivation and conservation, germination studies of these dimorphic seeds remain limited. This study investigated the effects of temperature (25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C), gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) treatment, geographic location of seed source (Jaffna vs. Puttalam coastal regions), seed type (central vs. lateral), and perianth presence/absence on germination under controlled conditions. Our results show that temperature, GA<sub>3</sub>, and geographic location of the seed source significantly influenced seed germination. This study presents the first documented evidence of physiological dormancy (PD) in <i>S. brachiata</i> seeds, with successful dormancy breaking achieved using GA<sub>3</sub> treatment at 25 °C. Although perianth and seed type alone had no significant direct effects on germination, they were involved in multiple significant interactions—two-, three-, and four-way—with other factors. These findings highlight the multifactorial regulation of <i>S. brachiata</i> seed germination, suggesting that tailored propagation strategies, incorporating environmental and physiological variables, can optimize germination. These findings offer practical solutions for enhancing germination in saline agriculture and habitat restoration efforts of <i>S. brachiata</i>.
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spelling doaj-art-226f8a76b5ba42e9b059ab64da149df12025-08-20T03:17:08ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-06-011413189310.3390/plants14131893Seed Dormancy and Germination Responses of <i>Salicornia brachiata</i>: Towards Sustainable Cultivation and Conservation in Saline HabitatsSandani M. Gunasekara0Chamara L. Mendis1Dinum Perera2Malaka M. Wijayasinghe3Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri LankaDepartment of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri LankaDepartment of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri LankaFaculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka<i>Salicornia brachiata</i> Roxb., an economically and ecologically significant halophytic species native to Sri Lanka, produces dimorphic seeds. Despite their importance for commercial cultivation and conservation, germination studies of these dimorphic seeds remain limited. This study investigated the effects of temperature (25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C), gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) treatment, geographic location of seed source (Jaffna vs. Puttalam coastal regions), seed type (central vs. lateral), and perianth presence/absence on germination under controlled conditions. Our results show that temperature, GA<sub>3</sub>, and geographic location of the seed source significantly influenced seed germination. This study presents the first documented evidence of physiological dormancy (PD) in <i>S. brachiata</i> seeds, with successful dormancy breaking achieved using GA<sub>3</sub> treatment at 25 °C. Although perianth and seed type alone had no significant direct effects on germination, they were involved in multiple significant interactions—two-, three-, and four-way—with other factors. These findings highlight the multifactorial regulation of <i>S. brachiata</i> seed germination, suggesting that tailored propagation strategies, incorporating environmental and physiological variables, can optimize germination. These findings offer practical solutions for enhancing germination in saline agriculture and habitat restoration efforts of <i>S. brachiata</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/1893physiological dormancygibberellic acidhalophytesaline agricultureperianthseed morphology
spellingShingle Sandani M. Gunasekara
Chamara L. Mendis
Dinum Perera
Malaka M. Wijayasinghe
Seed Dormancy and Germination Responses of <i>Salicornia brachiata</i>: Towards Sustainable Cultivation and Conservation in Saline Habitats
Plants
physiological dormancy
gibberellic acid
halophyte
saline agriculture
perianth
seed morphology
title Seed Dormancy and Germination Responses of <i>Salicornia brachiata</i>: Towards Sustainable Cultivation and Conservation in Saline Habitats
title_full Seed Dormancy and Germination Responses of <i>Salicornia brachiata</i>: Towards Sustainable Cultivation and Conservation in Saline Habitats
title_fullStr Seed Dormancy and Germination Responses of <i>Salicornia brachiata</i>: Towards Sustainable Cultivation and Conservation in Saline Habitats
title_full_unstemmed Seed Dormancy and Germination Responses of <i>Salicornia brachiata</i>: Towards Sustainable Cultivation and Conservation in Saline Habitats
title_short Seed Dormancy and Germination Responses of <i>Salicornia brachiata</i>: Towards Sustainable Cultivation and Conservation in Saline Habitats
title_sort seed dormancy and germination responses of i salicornia brachiata i towards sustainable cultivation and conservation in saline habitats
topic physiological dormancy
gibberellic acid
halophyte
saline agriculture
perianth
seed morphology
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/13/1893
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