Sickness absence > 14 days following mild traumatic brain injuries from traffic accidents: a Swedish nationwide register study

Abstract Background Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), including concussions, following traffic accidents is common. How often these injuries lead to sickness absence (SA) among working aged individuals is however insufficiently studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine frequency of new...

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Main Authors: Christian Oldenburg, Linnea Kjeldgård, Helena Stigson, Emilie Friberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22704-5
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author Christian Oldenburg
Linnea Kjeldgård
Helena Stigson
Emilie Friberg
author_facet Christian Oldenburg
Linnea Kjeldgård
Helena Stigson
Emilie Friberg
author_sort Christian Oldenburg
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), including concussions, following traffic accidents is common. How often these injuries lead to sickness absence (SA) among working aged individuals is however insufficiently studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine frequency of new SA following mTBI sustained in a road traffic environment and its associations with sociodemographic and injury-related factors. Method Nationwide population-based register study. Working aged individuals (18–63), living in Sweden, who in 2014 to 2016 acquired an mTBI in a traffic accident were included based on in- and specialised out-patient health care records. Information on SA (> 14 days), disability pension, pre-injury factors (age, sex, education, marital status, type of living area, country of birth, income from work) as well as injury-related factors (type of road user, in- or outpatient health care) were used in analyses of risk factors for a new SA-spell. Odds ratios (ORs), both crude and adjusted, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with logistic regression. Results 6073 individuals were identified. 12% had a new SA spell after injury. Sociodemographic risk factors were female sex, older age and being born outside Sweden. Car occupants had higher ORs for new SA, compared to pedestrians, bicyclists, and other road users, and was also associated with longer duration spells (> 90 days). Having received in-patient health care was associated with an OR of 3.7 for new SA compared to those only receiving out-patient health care (including emergency department visits). Having received in-patient health care was also associated with longer duration spells. Conclusion A traffic related mTBI is most often a benign injury, seldom resulting in a new SA spell of longer duration. When it does, it is more likely to involve car occupants, and those who have required in-patient health care.
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spelling doaj-art-226db16e42724774967ecb9e9f46a16d2025-08-20T02:20:02ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-04-012511910.1186/s12889-025-22704-5Sickness absence > 14 days following mild traumatic brain injuries from traffic accidents: a Swedish nationwide register studyChristian Oldenburg0Linnea Kjeldgård1Helena Stigson2Emilie Friberg3Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetDivision of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetDivision of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetDivision of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetAbstract Background Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), including concussions, following traffic accidents is common. How often these injuries lead to sickness absence (SA) among working aged individuals is however insufficiently studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine frequency of new SA following mTBI sustained in a road traffic environment and its associations with sociodemographic and injury-related factors. Method Nationwide population-based register study. Working aged individuals (18–63), living in Sweden, who in 2014 to 2016 acquired an mTBI in a traffic accident were included based on in- and specialised out-patient health care records. Information on SA (> 14 days), disability pension, pre-injury factors (age, sex, education, marital status, type of living area, country of birth, income from work) as well as injury-related factors (type of road user, in- or outpatient health care) were used in analyses of risk factors for a new SA-spell. Odds ratios (ORs), both crude and adjusted, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with logistic regression. Results 6073 individuals were identified. 12% had a new SA spell after injury. Sociodemographic risk factors were female sex, older age and being born outside Sweden. Car occupants had higher ORs for new SA, compared to pedestrians, bicyclists, and other road users, and was also associated with longer duration spells (> 90 days). Having received in-patient health care was associated with an OR of 3.7 for new SA compared to those only receiving out-patient health care (including emergency department visits). Having received in-patient health care was also associated with longer duration spells. Conclusion A traffic related mTBI is most often a benign injury, seldom resulting in a new SA spell of longer duration. When it does, it is more likely to involve car occupants, and those who have required in-patient health care.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22704-5ConcussionSick leavePopulation-basedPedestrians
spellingShingle Christian Oldenburg
Linnea Kjeldgård
Helena Stigson
Emilie Friberg
Sickness absence > 14 days following mild traumatic brain injuries from traffic accidents: a Swedish nationwide register study
BMC Public Health
Concussion
Sick leave
Population-based
Pedestrians
title Sickness absence > 14 days following mild traumatic brain injuries from traffic accidents: a Swedish nationwide register study
title_full Sickness absence > 14 days following mild traumatic brain injuries from traffic accidents: a Swedish nationwide register study
title_fullStr Sickness absence > 14 days following mild traumatic brain injuries from traffic accidents: a Swedish nationwide register study
title_full_unstemmed Sickness absence > 14 days following mild traumatic brain injuries from traffic accidents: a Swedish nationwide register study
title_short Sickness absence > 14 days following mild traumatic brain injuries from traffic accidents: a Swedish nationwide register study
title_sort sickness absence 14 days following mild traumatic brain injuries from traffic accidents a swedish nationwide register study
topic Concussion
Sick leave
Population-based
Pedestrians
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22704-5
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