Optimized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761®: boosted therapeutic benefits with minimized CYP enzyme interference
ObjectThe development of cognitive-enhancing drugs from Ginkgo biloba extract is actively pursued worldwide. This study compares the chemical compositions of different G. biloba extracts and their formulated drugs, highlighting the distinguishing characteristics and potential benefits of optimized G...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.14614/full |
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| author | Sunbeom Kwon Sunbeom Kwon Suji Jeong Suji Jeong Seulah Lee Seulah Lee |
| author_facet | Sunbeom Kwon Sunbeom Kwon Suji Jeong Suji Jeong Seulah Lee Seulah Lee |
| author_sort | Sunbeom Kwon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectThe development of cognitive-enhancing drugs from Ginkgo biloba extract is actively pursued worldwide. This study compares the chemical compositions of different G. biloba extracts and their formulated drugs, highlighting the distinguishing characteristics and potential benefits of optimized G. biloba extract, EGb 761®.MethodsWe analyzed three G. biloba extracts and fifteen formulated drugs using HPLC, principal component analysis, and LC-MS/MS to identify key compositional differences. Molecular docking analysis was conducted to evaluate the binding affinity of the key component with a target protein involved in cognitive enhancement. CYP inhibition assays were performed on selected extracts and their derived products to examine drug-drug interactions.ResultsEGb 761® and its formulated drugs displayed a unique composition, characterized by a significantly higher level of protocatechuic acid (PCA). PCA demonstrated strong interactions with the M1 receptor, acetylcholinesterase, glycogen synthase kinase-3, which are the key targets for cognitive enhancement. CYP inhibition assays indicated that EGb 761® and the drugs derived from EGb 761® had lower inhibitory activity compared to other samples.ConclusionThe high PCA content in EGb 761® may contribute to cognitive benefits. With low CYP inhibition, it suggests minimal interference with drug metabolism, highlighting its potential as a safer cognitive enhancer. Ultimately, this study indicates that the composition of EGb 761® can be effectively leveraged for its pharmacological benefits. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2269641e8d054ca7bf7d7a6ca0de6d66 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1482-1826 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-2269641e8d054ca7bf7d7a6ca0de6d662025-08-26T05:10:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences1482-18262025-08-012810.3389/jpps.2025.1461414614Optimized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761®: boosted therapeutic benefits with minimized CYP enzyme interferenceSunbeom Kwon0Sunbeom Kwon1Suji Jeong2Suji Jeong3Seulah Lee4Seulah Lee5Department of Convergent Biotechnology and Advanced Materials Science, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of KoreaBK21 Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Convergent Biotechnology and Advanced Materials Science, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of KoreaBK21 Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Convergent Biotechnology and Advanced Materials Science, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of KoreaBK21 Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of KoreaObjectThe development of cognitive-enhancing drugs from Ginkgo biloba extract is actively pursued worldwide. This study compares the chemical compositions of different G. biloba extracts and their formulated drugs, highlighting the distinguishing characteristics and potential benefits of optimized G. biloba extract, EGb 761®.MethodsWe analyzed three G. biloba extracts and fifteen formulated drugs using HPLC, principal component analysis, and LC-MS/MS to identify key compositional differences. Molecular docking analysis was conducted to evaluate the binding affinity of the key component with a target protein involved in cognitive enhancement. CYP inhibition assays were performed on selected extracts and their derived products to examine drug-drug interactions.ResultsEGb 761® and its formulated drugs displayed a unique composition, characterized by a significantly higher level of protocatechuic acid (PCA). PCA demonstrated strong interactions with the M1 receptor, acetylcholinesterase, glycogen synthase kinase-3, which are the key targets for cognitive enhancement. CYP inhibition assays indicated that EGb 761® and the drugs derived from EGb 761® had lower inhibitory activity compared to other samples.ConclusionThe high PCA content in EGb 761® may contribute to cognitive benefits. With low CYP inhibition, it suggests minimal interference with drug metabolism, highlighting its potential as a safer cognitive enhancer. Ultimately, this study indicates that the composition of EGb 761® can be effectively leveraged for its pharmacological benefits.https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.14614/fullEGb 761®protocatechuic acidcognitive enhancementmolecular dockingCYP inhibition |
| spellingShingle | Sunbeom Kwon Sunbeom Kwon Suji Jeong Suji Jeong Seulah Lee Seulah Lee Optimized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761®: boosted therapeutic benefits with minimized CYP enzyme interference Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences EGb 761® protocatechuic acid cognitive enhancement molecular docking CYP inhibition |
| title | Optimized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761®: boosted therapeutic benefits with minimized CYP enzyme interference |
| title_full | Optimized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761®: boosted therapeutic benefits with minimized CYP enzyme interference |
| title_fullStr | Optimized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761®: boosted therapeutic benefits with minimized CYP enzyme interference |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761®: boosted therapeutic benefits with minimized CYP enzyme interference |
| title_short | Optimized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761®: boosted therapeutic benefits with minimized CYP enzyme interference |
| title_sort | optimized ginkgo biloba extract egb 761 r boosted therapeutic benefits with minimized cyp enzyme interference |
| topic | EGb 761® protocatechuic acid cognitive enhancement molecular docking CYP inhibition |
| url | https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/jpps.2025.14614/full |
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