Does schistosome infection affect behavior through the gut-brain axis?

Parasitic helminths infect over 2 billion people, primarily those living in poverty. Helminth infections typically establish in early childhood and persist through critical periods of growth and development, leading to cognitive deficits and/or behavioral changes. These deficits could result from th...

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Main Authors: Leigh Combrink, Johannie M Spaan, Alexis Perret, Thomas Maehara, Britney Hyun, Dana Parker, Jennifer L Johns, Michael S Blouin, Kathy Magnusson, Michelle L Steinauer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-06-01
Series:PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013088
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author Leigh Combrink
Johannie M Spaan
Alexis Perret
Thomas Maehara
Britney Hyun
Dana Parker
Jennifer L Johns
Michael S Blouin
Kathy Magnusson
Michelle L Steinauer
author_facet Leigh Combrink
Johannie M Spaan
Alexis Perret
Thomas Maehara
Britney Hyun
Dana Parker
Jennifer L Johns
Michael S Blouin
Kathy Magnusson
Michelle L Steinauer
author_sort Leigh Combrink
collection DOAJ
description Parasitic helminths infect over 2 billion people, primarily those living in poverty. Helminth infections typically establish in early childhood and persist through critical periods of growth and development, leading to cognitive deficits and/or behavioral changes. These deficits could result from the helminths themselves or due to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its influence on the gut-brain axis. Using two cohorts of 3-week-old female mice, we measured levels of anxiety, fear, compulsion, spatial learning, and spatial memory, between schistosome-infected and sham-exposed mice. Additionally, we compared their fecal microbiomes using 16S rRNA gene sequencing at two time points during the chronic stage of infection. Schistosome-infected mice showed higher levels of anxiety in the open field test, reduced spatial learning in the Morris water maze task, and enhanced memory retention in the novel object task. All mice performed equally on the marble bury task. Each cohort started with unique microbiota which showed marked changes in the beta diversity of their microbiota after exposure. In both cohorts, at 7- weeks post exposure, infected mice had more Alistipes sp. and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and less Turicibacter sp. and Ligilactobacillus sp. than uninfected mice. At 10 weeks, infected mice had more Alistipes sp. and fewer Muribaculaceae sp. Interestingly, taxon shifts in infected mice were those typically associated with protective effects on liver disease and IL-10 gut conditions, suggesting a possible protective role of the shifted microbiome. Our analyses did not indicate associations between behavioral measures and microbiome composition; however, this could be due to the strong impact of infection on the microbiome composition. Findings here uncover behavioral and cognitive impacts of schistosome infection and shed light on the complex interplay between schistosome infection, behavioral changes, and host microbiome composition, which could ultimately support future global health efforts.
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spelling doaj-art-22694f7cddc3481f9f0e1bd285f4e9b92025-08-20T03:29:58ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352025-06-01196e001308810.1371/journal.pntd.0013088Does schistosome infection affect behavior through the gut-brain axis?Leigh CombrinkJohannie M SpaanAlexis PerretThomas MaeharaBritney HyunDana ParkerJennifer L JohnsMichael S BlouinKathy MagnussonMichelle L SteinauerParasitic helminths infect over 2 billion people, primarily those living in poverty. Helminth infections typically establish in early childhood and persist through critical periods of growth and development, leading to cognitive deficits and/or behavioral changes. These deficits could result from the helminths themselves or due to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its influence on the gut-brain axis. Using two cohorts of 3-week-old female mice, we measured levels of anxiety, fear, compulsion, spatial learning, and spatial memory, between schistosome-infected and sham-exposed mice. Additionally, we compared their fecal microbiomes using 16S rRNA gene sequencing at two time points during the chronic stage of infection. Schistosome-infected mice showed higher levels of anxiety in the open field test, reduced spatial learning in the Morris water maze task, and enhanced memory retention in the novel object task. All mice performed equally on the marble bury task. Each cohort started with unique microbiota which showed marked changes in the beta diversity of their microbiota after exposure. In both cohorts, at 7- weeks post exposure, infected mice had more Alistipes sp. and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and less Turicibacter sp. and Ligilactobacillus sp. than uninfected mice. At 10 weeks, infected mice had more Alistipes sp. and fewer Muribaculaceae sp. Interestingly, taxon shifts in infected mice were those typically associated with protective effects on liver disease and IL-10 gut conditions, suggesting a possible protective role of the shifted microbiome. Our analyses did not indicate associations between behavioral measures and microbiome composition; however, this could be due to the strong impact of infection on the microbiome composition. Findings here uncover behavioral and cognitive impacts of schistosome infection and shed light on the complex interplay between schistosome infection, behavioral changes, and host microbiome composition, which could ultimately support future global health efforts.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013088
spellingShingle Leigh Combrink
Johannie M Spaan
Alexis Perret
Thomas Maehara
Britney Hyun
Dana Parker
Jennifer L Johns
Michael S Blouin
Kathy Magnusson
Michelle L Steinauer
Does schistosome infection affect behavior through the gut-brain axis?
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
title Does schistosome infection affect behavior through the gut-brain axis?
title_full Does schistosome infection affect behavior through the gut-brain axis?
title_fullStr Does schistosome infection affect behavior through the gut-brain axis?
title_full_unstemmed Does schistosome infection affect behavior through the gut-brain axis?
title_short Does schistosome infection affect behavior through the gut-brain axis?
title_sort does schistosome infection affect behavior through the gut brain axis
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013088
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