Cellular Automata for Optimization of Traffic Emission and Flow Dynamics in Two-Route Systems Using Feedback Information
Managing emissions and congestion in urban transportation systems is a growing challenge, particularly when traffic dynamics are influenced by real-time conditions and infrastructure constraints. This study addresses this issue by proposing a cellular automata-based model to analyze traffic emission...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Infrastructures |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/10/5/120 |
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| author | Rachid Marzoug Noureddine Lakouari José Roberto Pérez Cruz Beatriz Castillo-Téllez Gerardo Alberto Mejía-Pérez Omar Bamaarouf |
| author_facet | Rachid Marzoug Noureddine Lakouari José Roberto Pérez Cruz Beatriz Castillo-Téllez Gerardo Alberto Mejía-Pérez Omar Bamaarouf |
| author_sort | Rachid Marzoug |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Managing emissions and congestion in urban transportation systems is a growing challenge, particularly when traffic dynamics are influenced by real-time conditions and infrastructure constraints. This study addresses this issue by proposing a cellular automata-based model to analyze traffic emissions and flow dynamics in two-route traffic systems under one-directional flow conditions, incorporating various real-time information feedback strategies. Unlike previous studies, the proposed model integrates key components of urban infrastructure, such as lane-changing dynamics, traffic signalization, and vehicle-type heterogeneity, along with operational factors including entry rates, exit probabilities, and the number of waiting vehicles. The model aims to fill a gap in existing emission studies by capturing the dynamics of heterogeneous, multi-lane systems with integrated feedback mechanisms. These considerations provide valuable insights into traffic management and emission mitigation strategies. The analysis reveals that prioritizing information feedback from the system entrance, rather than relying on feedback from the entire system, more effectively reduces traffic emissions. Additionally, the Vehicle Number Feedback Strategy (VNFS) proved to be the most effective, reducing the number of waiting vehicles and consequently lowering CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Furthermore, simulation results indicate that for entry rate values below approximately 0.4, asymmetrical lane-changing generates higher emissions, whereas symmetrical lane-changing yields elevated emissions when entry rate surpasses this threshold. Overall, this research contributes to advancing the understanding of traffic management strategies and offers actionable insights for emissions mitigation in two-route systems, with potential applications in intelligent transportation infrastructure. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2265a2d8e21043c2b910f87bd91d0021 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2412-3811 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infrastructures |
| spelling | doaj-art-2265a2d8e21043c2b910f87bd91d00212025-08-20T03:47:59ZengMDPI AGInfrastructures2412-38112025-05-0110512010.3390/infrastructures10050120Cellular Automata for Optimization of Traffic Emission and Flow Dynamics in Two-Route Systems Using Feedback InformationRachid Marzoug0Noureddine Lakouari1José Roberto Pérez Cruz2Beatriz Castillo-Téllez3Gerardo Alberto Mejía-Pérez4Omar Bamaarouf5Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotán 46200, MexicoSecretaría de Ciencias, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación (SECIHTI), Ciudad de México 03940, MexicoDepartment of Computer Science, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE), Puebla 72840, MexicoCentro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, MexicoCentro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, MexicoInterdisciplinary Applied Research Laboratory (LIDRA), International University of Agadir—Universiapolis, Agadir 80000, MoroccoManaging emissions and congestion in urban transportation systems is a growing challenge, particularly when traffic dynamics are influenced by real-time conditions and infrastructure constraints. This study addresses this issue by proposing a cellular automata-based model to analyze traffic emissions and flow dynamics in two-route traffic systems under one-directional flow conditions, incorporating various real-time information feedback strategies. Unlike previous studies, the proposed model integrates key components of urban infrastructure, such as lane-changing dynamics, traffic signalization, and vehicle-type heterogeneity, along with operational factors including entry rates, exit probabilities, and the number of waiting vehicles. The model aims to fill a gap in existing emission studies by capturing the dynamics of heterogeneous, multi-lane systems with integrated feedback mechanisms. These considerations provide valuable insights into traffic management and emission mitigation strategies. The analysis reveals that prioritizing information feedback from the system entrance, rather than relying on feedback from the entire system, more effectively reduces traffic emissions. Additionally, the Vehicle Number Feedback Strategy (VNFS) proved to be the most effective, reducing the number of waiting vehicles and consequently lowering CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Furthermore, simulation results indicate that for entry rate values below approximately 0.4, asymmetrical lane-changing generates higher emissions, whereas symmetrical lane-changing yields elevated emissions when entry rate surpasses this threshold. Overall, this research contributes to advancing the understanding of traffic management strategies and offers actionable insights for emissions mitigation in two-route systems, with potential applications in intelligent transportation infrastructure.https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/10/5/120cellular automataCO<sub>2</sub> emissionsinformation feedback strategylane-changingtwo-route systemtraffic lights |
| spellingShingle | Rachid Marzoug Noureddine Lakouari José Roberto Pérez Cruz Beatriz Castillo-Téllez Gerardo Alberto Mejía-Pérez Omar Bamaarouf Cellular Automata for Optimization of Traffic Emission and Flow Dynamics in Two-Route Systems Using Feedback Information Infrastructures cellular automata CO<sub>2</sub> emissions information feedback strategy lane-changing two-route system traffic lights |
| title | Cellular Automata for Optimization of Traffic Emission and Flow Dynamics in Two-Route Systems Using Feedback Information |
| title_full | Cellular Automata for Optimization of Traffic Emission and Flow Dynamics in Two-Route Systems Using Feedback Information |
| title_fullStr | Cellular Automata for Optimization of Traffic Emission and Flow Dynamics in Two-Route Systems Using Feedback Information |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cellular Automata for Optimization of Traffic Emission and Flow Dynamics in Two-Route Systems Using Feedback Information |
| title_short | Cellular Automata for Optimization of Traffic Emission and Flow Dynamics in Two-Route Systems Using Feedback Information |
| title_sort | cellular automata for optimization of traffic emission and flow dynamics in two route systems using feedback information |
| topic | cellular automata CO<sub>2</sub> emissions information feedback strategy lane-changing two-route system traffic lights |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/10/5/120 |
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