Liquid Chromatography‒Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Primary Metabolites and Phenolic Acids Across Five Citrus Species
Citrus is a globally consumed fruit with great popularity, yet systematic analyses of primary metabolites across major varieties remain scarce, with phenolic acids as an auxiliary focus due to their flavor relevance. In this study, the primary metabolites and phenolic acids of five citrus varieties...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/4/223 |
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| author | Yujiao Peng Xueyu Cui Manman Sun Xiaojuan Huang Ke Tang Baoqing Hu Hongze Liao |
| author_facet | Yujiao Peng Xueyu Cui Manman Sun Xiaojuan Huang Ke Tang Baoqing Hu Hongze Liao |
| author_sort | Yujiao Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Citrus is a globally consumed fruit with great popularity, yet systematic analyses of primary metabolites across major varieties remain scarce, with phenolic acids as an auxiliary focus due to their flavor relevance. In this study, the primary metabolites and phenolic acids of five citrus varieties were analyzed via liquid chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The analysis revealed that five different citrus varieties contained 342 primary metabolites and 77 phenolic acids. The PCA clearly distinguished the metabolites of various citrus varieties. Compared with the pomelo group, the lemon group presented the most differentially abundant metabolites, whereas the kumquat and navel orange groups presented the fewest. An examination of metabolic pathways with notable disparities revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and the biosynthesis of amino acids significantly varied between varieties. This study elucidates primary metabolic networks underlying citrus flavor diversification, with phenolic acids providing secondary modulation insights. Moreover, this study provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing the flavor of citrus fruits. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-223d5fde4b2442b3a825a43b128352e4 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1467-3037 1467-3045 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-223d5fde4b2442b3a825a43b128352e42025-08-20T02:17:20ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452025-03-0147422310.3390/cimb47040223Liquid Chromatography‒Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Primary Metabolites and Phenolic Acids Across Five Citrus SpeciesYujiao Peng0Xueyu Cui1Manman Sun2Xiaojuan Huang3Ke Tang4Baoqing Hu5Hongze Liao6Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, ChinaKey Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, 158 West Daxue Road, Nanning 530008, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, 158 West Daxue Road, Nanning 530008, ChinaHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Rural Revitalization Science and Technology Research Institute, 800 Innovation Road, Harbin 150086, ChinaKey Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, ChinaGuangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, 158 West Daxue Road, Nanning 530008, ChinaCitrus is a globally consumed fruit with great popularity, yet systematic analyses of primary metabolites across major varieties remain scarce, with phenolic acids as an auxiliary focus due to their flavor relevance. In this study, the primary metabolites and phenolic acids of five citrus varieties were analyzed via liquid chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The analysis revealed that five different citrus varieties contained 342 primary metabolites and 77 phenolic acids. The PCA clearly distinguished the metabolites of various citrus varieties. Compared with the pomelo group, the lemon group presented the most differentially abundant metabolites, whereas the kumquat and navel orange groups presented the fewest. An examination of metabolic pathways with notable disparities revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and the biosynthesis of amino acids significantly varied between varieties. This study elucidates primary metabolic networks underlying citrus flavor diversification, with phenolic acids providing secondary modulation insights. Moreover, this study provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing the flavor of citrus fruits.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/4/223citrus pulpcitrus varietieslipidsprimary metabolitesphenolic acids |
| spellingShingle | Yujiao Peng Xueyu Cui Manman Sun Xiaojuan Huang Ke Tang Baoqing Hu Hongze Liao Liquid Chromatography‒Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Primary Metabolites and Phenolic Acids Across Five Citrus Species Current Issues in Molecular Biology citrus pulp citrus varieties lipids primary metabolites phenolic acids |
| title | Liquid Chromatography‒Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Primary Metabolites and Phenolic Acids Across Five Citrus Species |
| title_full | Liquid Chromatography‒Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Primary Metabolites and Phenolic Acids Across Five Citrus Species |
| title_fullStr | Liquid Chromatography‒Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Primary Metabolites and Phenolic Acids Across Five Citrus Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Liquid Chromatography‒Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Primary Metabolites and Phenolic Acids Across Five Citrus Species |
| title_short | Liquid Chromatography‒Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Primary Metabolites and Phenolic Acids Across Five Citrus Species |
| title_sort | liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of primary metabolites and phenolic acids across five citrus species |
| topic | citrus pulp citrus varieties lipids primary metabolites phenolic acids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/4/223 |
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