Reprocessing of three-decade GNSS observations: millimeter-level nonlinear terrestrial reference frame, global velocity field and plate motion model refinement

The Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) is essential for solid Earth research, including geodesy and geodynamics, providing a unified spatiotemporal datum. With the continuous expansion of global GNSS infrastructure and data, significant progress has been made in refining TRF and models of crustal pla...

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Main Authors: Hu Wang, Yingying Ren, Ming Chen, Yamin Dang, Jing Jiao, Qiang Yang, Jiexian Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-08-01
Series:Geo-spatial Information Science
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10095020.2025.2541073
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author Hu Wang
Yingying Ren
Ming Chen
Yamin Dang
Jing Jiao
Qiang Yang
Jiexian Wang
author_facet Hu Wang
Yingying Ren
Ming Chen
Yamin Dang
Jing Jiao
Qiang Yang
Jiexian Wang
author_sort Hu Wang
collection DOAJ
description The Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) is essential for solid Earth research, including geodesy and geodynamics, providing a unified spatiotemporal datum. With the continuous expansion of global GNSS infrastructure and data, significant progress has been made in refining TRF and models of crustal plate motion and tectonic deformation. This study provides a global velocity field and a plate motion model through three decades of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data and nonlinear TRF refinement. Key contributions include: (1) the Integrated and Improved Time Series Analysis (IITSA) model, achieving horizontal fitting precision of 3 mm and vertical precision of 6 mm for three-decade GNSS time series; (2) the Global GNSS Velocity Model 2020 (GGVM2020), with RMS values of 0.12, 0.11, and 0.26 mm/yr in the north, east, and up directions, providing new insights into the crustal movements of Antarctica and North America; (3) the Global Interpolation Velocity Model 2020 (GIVM2020), offering a global horizontal velocity grid (3°×3°) with interpolation accuracy better than 3 mm/yr, enabling velocity estimation for any site globally; and (4) the Global Plate Motion Model 2020 (GPMM2020), which improves the accuracy of Euler motion parameters for the 14 major tectonic plates, achieving precision better than 3 mm/yr. In conclusion, the study’s results, including the global GNSS velocity field and plate motion model, enhance the reliability and application of terrestrial reference frame products.
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issn 1009-5020
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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spelling doaj-art-22189ec78f764d2289b76cf7cfc70cc32025-08-20T03:38:53ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGeo-spatial Information Science1009-50201993-51532025-08-0112010.1080/10095020.2025.2541073Reprocessing of three-decade GNSS observations: millimeter-level nonlinear terrestrial reference frame, global velocity field and plate motion model refinementHu Wang0Yingying Ren1Ming Chen2Yamin Dang3Jing Jiao4Qiang Yang5Jiexian Wang6Institute of Geodesy and Navigation Positioning, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, ChinaSpatiotemporal Information Products Department, China Mobile (Shanghai) Information and Communication Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Land Surveying and Mapping, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Geodesy and Navigation Positioning, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Geodesy and Navigation Positioning, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Geodesy and Navigation Positioning, Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaThe Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) is essential for solid Earth research, including geodesy and geodynamics, providing a unified spatiotemporal datum. With the continuous expansion of global GNSS infrastructure and data, significant progress has been made in refining TRF and models of crustal plate motion and tectonic deformation. This study provides a global velocity field and a plate motion model through three decades of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data and nonlinear TRF refinement. Key contributions include: (1) the Integrated and Improved Time Series Analysis (IITSA) model, achieving horizontal fitting precision of 3 mm and vertical precision of 6 mm for three-decade GNSS time series; (2) the Global GNSS Velocity Model 2020 (GGVM2020), with RMS values of 0.12, 0.11, and 0.26 mm/yr in the north, east, and up directions, providing new insights into the crustal movements of Antarctica and North America; (3) the Global Interpolation Velocity Model 2020 (GIVM2020), offering a global horizontal velocity grid (3°×3°) with interpolation accuracy better than 3 mm/yr, enabling velocity estimation for any site globally; and (4) the Global Plate Motion Model 2020 (GPMM2020), which improves the accuracy of Euler motion parameters for the 14 major tectonic plates, achieving precision better than 3 mm/yr. In conclusion, the study’s results, including the global GNSS velocity field and plate motion model, enhance the reliability and application of terrestrial reference frame products.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10095020.2025.2541073GNSSrepro3terrestrial reference frame(TRF)velocity fieldplate motion
spellingShingle Hu Wang
Yingying Ren
Ming Chen
Yamin Dang
Jing Jiao
Qiang Yang
Jiexian Wang
Reprocessing of three-decade GNSS observations: millimeter-level nonlinear terrestrial reference frame, global velocity field and plate motion model refinement
Geo-spatial Information Science
GNSS
repro3
terrestrial reference frame(TRF)
velocity field
plate motion
title Reprocessing of three-decade GNSS observations: millimeter-level nonlinear terrestrial reference frame, global velocity field and plate motion model refinement
title_full Reprocessing of three-decade GNSS observations: millimeter-level nonlinear terrestrial reference frame, global velocity field and plate motion model refinement
title_fullStr Reprocessing of three-decade GNSS observations: millimeter-level nonlinear terrestrial reference frame, global velocity field and plate motion model refinement
title_full_unstemmed Reprocessing of three-decade GNSS observations: millimeter-level nonlinear terrestrial reference frame, global velocity field and plate motion model refinement
title_short Reprocessing of three-decade GNSS observations: millimeter-level nonlinear terrestrial reference frame, global velocity field and plate motion model refinement
title_sort reprocessing of three decade gnss observations millimeter level nonlinear terrestrial reference frame global velocity field and plate motion model refinement
topic GNSS
repro3
terrestrial reference frame(TRF)
velocity field
plate motion
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10095020.2025.2541073
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