Effects of High-speed Wind, Humidity, and Temperature on the Generation of a SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol; a Novel Point of View
Abstract The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly spreading across communities around the world. Respiratory droplet transmission is a common transmission route for many airborne diseases, including novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Wearing the face mask prevents respiratory droplet transmiss...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200574 |
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| author | Ata Nazari Moharram Jafari Naser Rezaei Sevda Arash-Azad Faramarz Talati Rahim Nejad-Rahim Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary |
| author_facet | Ata Nazari Moharram Jafari Naser Rezaei Sevda Arash-Azad Faramarz Talati Rahim Nejad-Rahim Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary |
| author_sort | Ata Nazari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly spreading across communities around the world. Respiratory droplet transmission is a common transmission route for many airborne diseases, including novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Wearing the face mask prevents respiratory droplet transmission. Both face mask leakage and non-use of the face mask under high-speed wind conditions can increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The respiratory droplets’ behavior during sneezing or coughing (i.e., the size and the distance between droplets) depends on face mask wearing. The respiratory droplets during coughing and sneezing break apart into extremely small respiratory droplets (i.e., cloud of aerosol) upon interaction with the high-speed wind condition. The volume-of-fluid (VOF) method has been used to study the deformation and breakup of a single respiratory droplet placed in high-speed wind flow in the presence of smaller neighboring respiratory droplets. The effect of the diameter of respiratory droplets and the distance between them on the breakup mechanism has been investigated using open-source field operation and manipulation (OpenFOAM) libraries. The results are presented for the dimensionless distance and the normalized diameter of the secondary respiratory droplet in the ranges of 2 to 6 and 0.4 to 0.8, respectively. According to the results of simulations, the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 increases with a decrease in respiratory droplet breakup time. In addition, the effects of ambient relative humidity and temperature on the cloud of respiratory particles were analyzed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-21f60ca7384f4f2aaa1a3447ce9cd64a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-21f60ca7384f4f2aaa1a3447ce9cd64a2025-08-20T02:56:11ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092021-04-0121812710.4209/aaqr.200574Effects of High-speed Wind, Humidity, and Temperature on the Generation of a SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol; a Novel Point of ViewAta Nazari0Moharram Jafari1Naser Rezaei2Sevda Arash-Azad3Faramarz Talati4Rahim Nejad-Rahim5Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary6Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary7Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of TabrizDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of TabrizDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of TabrizDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Cares, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of TabrizDepartment of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Urmia University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesSocial Science Research Institute, Tokai UniversityAbstract The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly spreading across communities around the world. Respiratory droplet transmission is a common transmission route for many airborne diseases, including novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Wearing the face mask prevents respiratory droplet transmission. Both face mask leakage and non-use of the face mask under high-speed wind conditions can increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The respiratory droplets’ behavior during sneezing or coughing (i.e., the size and the distance between droplets) depends on face mask wearing. The respiratory droplets during coughing and sneezing break apart into extremely small respiratory droplets (i.e., cloud of aerosol) upon interaction with the high-speed wind condition. The volume-of-fluid (VOF) method has been used to study the deformation and breakup of a single respiratory droplet placed in high-speed wind flow in the presence of smaller neighboring respiratory droplets. The effect of the diameter of respiratory droplets and the distance between them on the breakup mechanism has been investigated using open-source field operation and manipulation (OpenFOAM) libraries. The results are presented for the dimensionless distance and the normalized diameter of the secondary respiratory droplet in the ranges of 2 to 6 and 0.4 to 0.8, respectively. According to the results of simulations, the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 increases with a decrease in respiratory droplet breakup time. In addition, the effects of ambient relative humidity and temperature on the cloud of respiratory particles were analyzed.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200574COVID-19SARS-CoV-2Dynamic of respiratory dropletsVOFOpenFOAMAerosol of viruses |
| spellingShingle | Ata Nazari Moharram Jafari Naser Rezaei Sevda Arash-Azad Faramarz Talati Rahim Nejad-Rahim Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary Effects of High-speed Wind, Humidity, and Temperature on the Generation of a SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol; a Novel Point of View Aerosol and Air Quality Research COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Dynamic of respiratory droplets VOF OpenFOAM Aerosol of viruses |
| title | Effects of High-speed Wind, Humidity, and Temperature on the Generation of a SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol; a Novel Point of View |
| title_full | Effects of High-speed Wind, Humidity, and Temperature on the Generation of a SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol; a Novel Point of View |
| title_fullStr | Effects of High-speed Wind, Humidity, and Temperature on the Generation of a SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol; a Novel Point of View |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of High-speed Wind, Humidity, and Temperature on the Generation of a SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol; a Novel Point of View |
| title_short | Effects of High-speed Wind, Humidity, and Temperature on the Generation of a SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol; a Novel Point of View |
| title_sort | effects of high speed wind humidity and temperature on the generation of a sars cov 2 aerosol a novel point of view |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Dynamic of respiratory droplets VOF OpenFOAM Aerosol of viruses |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.200574 |
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