Cobalt-induced oxidative stress and defense responses of Adhatoda vasica proliferated shoots
Abstract Background Levels of heavy metal pollution are increasing due to industrial activities and urban expansion. While cobalt (Co) can be toxic to plants at high levels and isn’t considered essential, it plays a beneficial role in many enzymes and is critical for various biological functions. We...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05915-7 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832571843357179904 |
|---|---|
| author | Abeer A. Radi Fatma A. Farghaly Fatma A. Al-Kahtany Ahmed M. Zaher Afaf M. Hamada |
| author_facet | Abeer A. Radi Fatma A. Farghaly Fatma A. Al-Kahtany Ahmed M. Zaher Afaf M. Hamada |
| author_sort | Abeer A. Radi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Levels of heavy metal pollution are increasing due to industrial activities and urban expansion. While cobalt (Co) can be toxic to plants at high levels and isn’t considered essential, it plays a beneficial role in many enzymes and is critical for various biological functions. We conducted experiments to determine how Adhatoda vasica proliferated shoots react to exposure to various Co concentrations (50–1000 µM). We employed physiological and biochemical markers to elucidate the response mechanisms of this medicinal plant. The experiment was conducted in two replicates per treatment. The statistical analysis was based on data from four biological replicates per treatment. Results Interestingly, the lowest Co concentration (50 µM) increased proliferated shoot growth by 41.45%. In contrast, higher Co concentrations (100–1000 µM) had detrimental effects on proliferated shoot development, water content, and photosynthetic pigment concentrations. As Co concentration increased, proliferated shoots produced excessive concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This ROS overproduction is believed to be the primary cause of oxidative damage, as evidenced by the elevated concentrations (18.46%-72.84%) of malondialdehyde (MDA) detected. In response to Co stress, non-enzymatic antioxidants were activated in a concentration-dependent manner. Co administration significantly increased the concentrations of different stress-protective compounds in shoots, including total antioxidants (133.18%), ascorbic acids (217.94%), free and bound phenolics (97.70% and 69.72%, respectively), proline (218.59%), free amino acids (206.96%), soluble proteins (65.97%), and soluble carbohydrates (18.52%). FTIR analysis further corroborated changes in the chemical composition of proliferated shoots. The analysis revealed variations in the peaks associated with major macromolecules, including phenolic compounds, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, cellulose, hemicellulose, and sugars. Conclusions Our study offers the first comprehensive investigation into mechanisms by which Co stress triggers oxidative damage and alters functional groups in the medicinal plant, Adhatoda vasica. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-21f57904d79c4a678317840aafc20739 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-21f57904d79c4a678317840aafc207392025-02-02T12:15:21ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-01-0125111610.1186/s12870-024-05915-7Cobalt-induced oxidative stress and defense responses of Adhatoda vasica proliferated shootsAbeer A. Radi0Fatma A. Farghaly1Fatma A. Al-Kahtany2Ahmed M. Zaher3Afaf M. Hamada4Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityPharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut UniversityBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut UniversityAbstract Background Levels of heavy metal pollution are increasing due to industrial activities and urban expansion. While cobalt (Co) can be toxic to plants at high levels and isn’t considered essential, it plays a beneficial role in many enzymes and is critical for various biological functions. We conducted experiments to determine how Adhatoda vasica proliferated shoots react to exposure to various Co concentrations (50–1000 µM). We employed physiological and biochemical markers to elucidate the response mechanisms of this medicinal plant. The experiment was conducted in two replicates per treatment. The statistical analysis was based on data from four biological replicates per treatment. Results Interestingly, the lowest Co concentration (50 µM) increased proliferated shoot growth by 41.45%. In contrast, higher Co concentrations (100–1000 µM) had detrimental effects on proliferated shoot development, water content, and photosynthetic pigment concentrations. As Co concentration increased, proliferated shoots produced excessive concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This ROS overproduction is believed to be the primary cause of oxidative damage, as evidenced by the elevated concentrations (18.46%-72.84%) of malondialdehyde (MDA) detected. In response to Co stress, non-enzymatic antioxidants were activated in a concentration-dependent manner. Co administration significantly increased the concentrations of different stress-protective compounds in shoots, including total antioxidants (133.18%), ascorbic acids (217.94%), free and bound phenolics (97.70% and 69.72%, respectively), proline (218.59%), free amino acids (206.96%), soluble proteins (65.97%), and soluble carbohydrates (18.52%). FTIR analysis further corroborated changes in the chemical composition of proliferated shoots. The analysis revealed variations in the peaks associated with major macromolecules, including phenolic compounds, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, cellulose, hemicellulose, and sugars. Conclusions Our study offers the first comprehensive investigation into mechanisms by which Co stress triggers oxidative damage and alters functional groups in the medicinal plant, Adhatoda vasica.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05915-7Adhatoda vasica L.CobaltGrowthMalondialdehydeAntioxidantsFTIR analysis |
| spellingShingle | Abeer A. Radi Fatma A. Farghaly Fatma A. Al-Kahtany Ahmed M. Zaher Afaf M. Hamada Cobalt-induced oxidative stress and defense responses of Adhatoda vasica proliferated shoots BMC Plant Biology Adhatoda vasica L. Cobalt Growth Malondialdehyde Antioxidants FTIR analysis |
| title | Cobalt-induced oxidative stress and defense responses of Adhatoda vasica proliferated shoots |
| title_full | Cobalt-induced oxidative stress and defense responses of Adhatoda vasica proliferated shoots |
| title_fullStr | Cobalt-induced oxidative stress and defense responses of Adhatoda vasica proliferated shoots |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cobalt-induced oxidative stress and defense responses of Adhatoda vasica proliferated shoots |
| title_short | Cobalt-induced oxidative stress and defense responses of Adhatoda vasica proliferated shoots |
| title_sort | cobalt induced oxidative stress and defense responses of adhatoda vasica proliferated shoots |
| topic | Adhatoda vasica L. Cobalt Growth Malondialdehyde Antioxidants FTIR analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05915-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abeeraradi cobaltinducedoxidativestressanddefenseresponsesofadhatodavasicaproliferatedshoots AT fatmaafarghaly cobaltinducedoxidativestressanddefenseresponsesofadhatodavasicaproliferatedshoots AT fatmaaalkahtany cobaltinducedoxidativestressanddefenseresponsesofadhatodavasicaproliferatedshoots AT ahmedmzaher cobaltinducedoxidativestressanddefenseresponsesofadhatodavasicaproliferatedshoots AT afafmhamada cobaltinducedoxidativestressanddefenseresponsesofadhatodavasicaproliferatedshoots |