Interrelationships Between Inflammatory Score, Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Unfavorable Outcome in Patients with aSAH: A Four-Way Decomposition

Peng Zhang,1,2 Haiyang Zhu,1,2 Xinbo Li,1,2 Yiwei Qian,1,2 Yehao Zhu,1,2 Weizhong Zhang,1,2 Zhiyuan Yan,1,2 Haoqi Ni,1,2 Zhongxiao Lin,2,3 Xiao Lin,2,4 Zequn Li,1,2 Qichuan Zhuge,1,2 Bo Zeng1,2 1Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000,...

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Main Authors: Zhang P, Zhu H, Li X, Qian Y, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Yan Z, Ni H, Lin Z, Lin X, Li Z, Zhuge Q, Zeng B
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Dove Medical Press 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Inflammation Research
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Online Access:https://www.dovepress.com/interrelationships-between-inflammatory-score-delayed-cerebral-ischemi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JIR
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author Zhang P
Zhu H
Li X
Qian Y
Zhu Y
Zhang W
Yan Z
Ni H
Lin Z
Lin X
Li Z
Zhuge Q
Zeng B
author_facet Zhang P
Zhu H
Li X
Qian Y
Zhu Y
Zhang W
Yan Z
Ni H
Lin Z
Lin X
Li Z
Zhuge Q
Zeng B
author_sort Zhang P
collection DOAJ
description Peng Zhang,1,2 Haiyang Zhu,1,2 Xinbo Li,1,2 Yiwei Qian,1,2 Yehao Zhu,1,2 Weizhong Zhang,1,2 Zhiyuan Yan,1,2 Haoqi Ni,1,2 Zhongxiao Lin,2,3 Xiao Lin,2,4 Zequn Li,1,2 Qichuan Zhuge,1,2 Bo Zeng1,2 1Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 2Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bo Zeng, Email 15681992709m@sina.cnBackground: To identify biomarkers and develop an inflammatory score based on proper integration to improve risk prediction of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We also further explore the mediation and interaction of DCI within the chain of events using the four-way effect decomposition.Methods: Machine learning algorithms are used for biomarker selection and constructed the inflammatory score. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the association of inflammatory score with DCI and poor outcome. Next, we employed a four‐way decomposition to assess the extent to which the inflammation effect on the risk of poor outcome is mediated by or interacts with DCI. Finally, the additive value of inflammatory score was measured using the area under the curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).Results: In total, 368 aSAH patients were included. The inflammatory score was calculated with the combination of lymphocyte, pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Multivariate analysis identified that inflammatory score was independently associated with DCI and poor outcome. The effect of high inflammatory score on poor outcome may be partly explained by DCI, where there is both pure mediation and mediated interaction. With DCI as a potential mediator, the excess relative risk could be decomposed into 30.86% controlled direct effect, 3.60% mediation only, 26.64% interaction only, and 38.89% mediated interaction. Adding the inflammatory score to the predictive model improved the AUC from 0.772 to 0.822, with an NRI of 5.3% and IDI of 6.9%.Conclusion: The inflammatory score was significantly associated with DCI and poor outcome in patients with aSAH. Not only may be a potential synergistic interaction between high inflammatory score and DCI on the risk of poor outcome but also where DCI is an important mediating mechanism. Keywords: aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, inflammatory score, delayed cerebral ischemia, poor outcomes, interaction analysis, mediation effect, four-way decomposition
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spelling doaj-art-21ee8f28a4e3414c96643fcf3f6ff5ae2025-08-20T02:35:43ZengDove Medical PressJournal of Inflammation Research1178-70312024-12-01Volume 17110731108598349Interrelationships Between Inflammatory Score, Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Unfavorable Outcome in Patients with aSAH: A Four-Way DecompositionZhang PZhu HLi XQian YZhu YZhang WYan ZNi HLin ZLin XLi ZZhuge QZeng BPeng Zhang,1,2 Haiyang Zhu,1,2 Xinbo Li,1,2 Yiwei Qian,1,2 Yehao Zhu,1,2 Weizhong Zhang,1,2 Zhiyuan Yan,1,2 Haoqi Ni,1,2 Zhongxiao Lin,2,3 Xiao Lin,2,4 Zequn Li,1,2 Qichuan Zhuge,1,2 Bo Zeng1,2 1Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 2Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bo Zeng, Email 15681992709m@sina.cnBackground: To identify biomarkers and develop an inflammatory score based on proper integration to improve risk prediction of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We also further explore the mediation and interaction of DCI within the chain of events using the four-way effect decomposition.Methods: Machine learning algorithms are used for biomarker selection and constructed the inflammatory score. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the association of inflammatory score with DCI and poor outcome. Next, we employed a four‐way decomposition to assess the extent to which the inflammation effect on the risk of poor outcome is mediated by or interacts with DCI. Finally, the additive value of inflammatory score was measured using the area under the curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).Results: In total, 368 aSAH patients were included. The inflammatory score was calculated with the combination of lymphocyte, pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Multivariate analysis identified that inflammatory score was independently associated with DCI and poor outcome. The effect of high inflammatory score on poor outcome may be partly explained by DCI, where there is both pure mediation and mediated interaction. With DCI as a potential mediator, the excess relative risk could be decomposed into 30.86% controlled direct effect, 3.60% mediation only, 26.64% interaction only, and 38.89% mediated interaction. Adding the inflammatory score to the predictive model improved the AUC from 0.772 to 0.822, with an NRI of 5.3% and IDI of 6.9%.Conclusion: The inflammatory score was significantly associated with DCI and poor outcome in patients with aSAH. Not only may be a potential synergistic interaction between high inflammatory score and DCI on the risk of poor outcome but also where DCI is an important mediating mechanism. Keywords: aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, inflammatory score, delayed cerebral ischemia, poor outcomes, interaction analysis, mediation effect, four-way decompositionhttps://www.dovepress.com/interrelationships-between-inflammatory-score-delayed-cerebral-ischemi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JIRaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhageinflammatory scoredelayed cerebral ischemiapoor outcomesinteraction analysismediation effectfour-way decomposition
spellingShingle Zhang P
Zhu H
Li X
Qian Y
Zhu Y
Zhang W
Yan Z
Ni H
Lin Z
Lin X
Li Z
Zhuge Q
Zeng B
Interrelationships Between Inflammatory Score, Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Unfavorable Outcome in Patients with aSAH: A Four-Way Decomposition
Journal of Inflammation Research
aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
inflammatory score
delayed cerebral ischemia
poor outcomes
interaction analysis
mediation effect
four-way decomposition
title Interrelationships Between Inflammatory Score, Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Unfavorable Outcome in Patients with aSAH: A Four-Way Decomposition
title_full Interrelationships Between Inflammatory Score, Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Unfavorable Outcome in Patients with aSAH: A Four-Way Decomposition
title_fullStr Interrelationships Between Inflammatory Score, Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Unfavorable Outcome in Patients with aSAH: A Four-Way Decomposition
title_full_unstemmed Interrelationships Between Inflammatory Score, Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Unfavorable Outcome in Patients with aSAH: A Four-Way Decomposition
title_short Interrelationships Between Inflammatory Score, Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Unfavorable Outcome in Patients with aSAH: A Four-Way Decomposition
title_sort interrelationships between inflammatory score delayed cerebral ischemia and unfavorable outcome in patients with asah a four way decomposition
topic aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
inflammatory score
delayed cerebral ischemia
poor outcomes
interaction analysis
mediation effect
four-way decomposition
url https://www.dovepress.com/interrelationships-between-inflammatory-score-delayed-cerebral-ischemi-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JIR
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