Microenvironment-responsive multi-enzyme cascade nanosystem for the treatment of early caries

Oral diseases associated with dental biofilms have become one of the frontiers in clinical research due to their complexity. Dental caries is a typical biofilm driven disease resulting from the diet and microbiota-matrix interactions, and it remains a substantial clinical challenge to halt the progr...

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Main Authors: Haowen Huang, Yu Wang, Xin Liu, Wanqiu Xue, Ruoxi Dai, Chris Ying Cao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525003107
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author Haowen Huang
Yu Wang
Xin Liu
Wanqiu Xue
Ruoxi Dai
Chris Ying Cao
author_facet Haowen Huang
Yu Wang
Xin Liu
Wanqiu Xue
Ruoxi Dai
Chris Ying Cao
author_sort Haowen Huang
collection DOAJ
description Oral diseases associated with dental biofilms have become one of the frontiers in clinical research due to their complexity. Dental caries is a typical biofilm driven disease resulting from the diet and microbiota-matrix interactions, and it remains a substantial clinical challenge to halt the progression of caries and simultaneously repair the damaged enamel. In this regard, an oral microenvironment-responsive strategy was put forward to develop a multi-enzyme cascade nanosystem possessing antibacterial and in situ mineralization properties. During application in the oral cavity, starch was hydrolyzed by α-amylase, thereby releasing calcium phosphate prenucleation clusters (CaP-PNCs) for in situ remineralization of demineralized enamel, and providing the hydrolysis product glucose. Subsequently, glucose oxidase (GOD) conjugated to dextran-coated iron oxide nanozyme (Dex-IONP-GOD, DIG) catalyzed the production of H2O2 from glucose. Under the acidic caries microenvironment, IONP with POD-like activity can trigger H2O2 to generate reactive oxygen species. This process exhibited bactericidal activities and effectively inhibited the adhesion and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. This bifunctional multi-enzyme cascade nanosystem accomplishes the adaptive initiation of pathogen elimination and in situ mineralization by its environmental responsiveness, rather than relying on the exogenous substrates, which thus provides a potential strategy for preventing and treating dental caries.
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spelling doaj-art-21e798d9851b4903bf4a93d41cc7e4a22025-08-20T03:55:22ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-05-0125311389010.1016/j.matdes.2025.113890Microenvironment-responsive multi-enzyme cascade nanosystem for the treatment of early cariesHaowen Huang0Yu Wang1Xin Liu2Wanqiu Xue3Ruoxi Dai4Chris Ying Cao5College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, ChinaCollege & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, ChinaCollege & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, ChinaCollege & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, ChinaTufts University School of Dental Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Care, Boston, MA 02111, USACollege & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; Corresponding author.Oral diseases associated with dental biofilms have become one of the frontiers in clinical research due to their complexity. Dental caries is a typical biofilm driven disease resulting from the diet and microbiota-matrix interactions, and it remains a substantial clinical challenge to halt the progression of caries and simultaneously repair the damaged enamel. In this regard, an oral microenvironment-responsive strategy was put forward to develop a multi-enzyme cascade nanosystem possessing antibacterial and in situ mineralization properties. During application in the oral cavity, starch was hydrolyzed by α-amylase, thereby releasing calcium phosphate prenucleation clusters (CaP-PNCs) for in situ remineralization of demineralized enamel, and providing the hydrolysis product glucose. Subsequently, glucose oxidase (GOD) conjugated to dextran-coated iron oxide nanozyme (Dex-IONP-GOD, DIG) catalyzed the production of H2O2 from glucose. Under the acidic caries microenvironment, IONP with POD-like activity can trigger H2O2 to generate reactive oxygen species. This process exhibited bactericidal activities and effectively inhibited the adhesion and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. This bifunctional multi-enzyme cascade nanosystem accomplishes the adaptive initiation of pathogen elimination and in situ mineralization by its environmental responsiveness, rather than relying on the exogenous substrates, which thus provides a potential strategy for preventing and treating dental caries.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525003107NanozymeMulti-enzyme cascadeAntibacterialBiomimetic mineralizationCaries
spellingShingle Haowen Huang
Yu Wang
Xin Liu
Wanqiu Xue
Ruoxi Dai
Chris Ying Cao
Microenvironment-responsive multi-enzyme cascade nanosystem for the treatment of early caries
Materials & Design
Nanozyme
Multi-enzyme cascade
Antibacterial
Biomimetic mineralization
Caries
title Microenvironment-responsive multi-enzyme cascade nanosystem for the treatment of early caries
title_full Microenvironment-responsive multi-enzyme cascade nanosystem for the treatment of early caries
title_fullStr Microenvironment-responsive multi-enzyme cascade nanosystem for the treatment of early caries
title_full_unstemmed Microenvironment-responsive multi-enzyme cascade nanosystem for the treatment of early caries
title_short Microenvironment-responsive multi-enzyme cascade nanosystem for the treatment of early caries
title_sort microenvironment responsive multi enzyme cascade nanosystem for the treatment of early caries
topic Nanozyme
Multi-enzyme cascade
Antibacterial
Biomimetic mineralization
Caries
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525003107
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AT wanqiuxue microenvironmentresponsivemultienzymecascadenanosystemforthetreatmentofearlycaries
AT ruoxidai microenvironmentresponsivemultienzymecascadenanosystemforthetreatmentofearlycaries
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