Surface Charge Affects the Intracellular Fate and Clearance Dynamics of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots in Macrophages
The biological effects of nanoparticles are closely related to their intracellular content and location, both of which are influenced by various factors. This study investigates the effects of surface charge on the uptake, intracellular distribution, and exocytosis of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/15/1189 |
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| author | Yuan-Yuan Liu Yong-Yue Sun Yuan Guo Lu-Lu Chen Jun-Hao Guo Haifang Wang |
| author_facet | Yuan-Yuan Liu Yong-Yue Sun Yuan Guo Lu-Lu Chen Jun-Hao Guo Haifang Wang |
| author_sort | Yuan-Yuan Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The biological effects of nanoparticles are closely related to their intracellular content and location, both of which are influenced by various factors. This study investigates the effects of surface charge on the uptake, intracellular distribution, and exocytosis of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in Raw264.7 macrophages. Negatively charged 3-mercaptopropanoic acid functionalized QDs (QDs-MPA) show higher cellular uptake than positively charged 2-mercaptoethylamine functionalized QDs (QDs-MEA), and serum enhances the uptake of both types of QDs via protein corona-mediated receptor endocytosis. QDs-MEA primarily enter the cells through clathrin/caveolae-mediated pathways and predominantly accumulate in lysosomes, while QDs-MPA are mainly internalized through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and localize to both lysosomes and mitochondria. Exocytosis of QDs-MPA is faster and more efficient than that of QDs-MEA, though both exhibit limited excretion. In addition to endocytosis and exocytosis, cell division influences intracellular QD content over time. These results reveal the charge-dependent interactions between QDs and macrophages, providing a basis for designing biocompatible nanomaterials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-21e23ace667744e8abf85280a75973d3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-21e23ace667744e8abf85280a75973d32025-08-20T03:36:27ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-08-011515118910.3390/nano15151189Surface Charge Affects the Intracellular Fate and Clearance Dynamics of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots in MacrophagesYuan-Yuan Liu0Yong-Yue Sun1Yuan Guo2Lu-Lu Chen3Jun-Hao Guo4Haifang Wang5Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaThe biological effects of nanoparticles are closely related to their intracellular content and location, both of which are influenced by various factors. This study investigates the effects of surface charge on the uptake, intracellular distribution, and exocytosis of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in Raw264.7 macrophages. Negatively charged 3-mercaptopropanoic acid functionalized QDs (QDs-MPA) show higher cellular uptake than positively charged 2-mercaptoethylamine functionalized QDs (QDs-MEA), and serum enhances the uptake of both types of QDs via protein corona-mediated receptor endocytosis. QDs-MEA primarily enter the cells through clathrin/caveolae-mediated pathways and predominantly accumulate in lysosomes, while QDs-MPA are mainly internalized through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and localize to both lysosomes and mitochondria. Exocytosis of QDs-MPA is faster and more efficient than that of QDs-MEA, though both exhibit limited excretion. In addition to endocytosis and exocytosis, cell division influences intracellular QD content over time. These results reveal the charge-dependent interactions between QDs and macrophages, providing a basis for designing biocompatible nanomaterials.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/15/1189macrophagesquantum dotssurface chargecellular uptakeexocytosis |
| spellingShingle | Yuan-Yuan Liu Yong-Yue Sun Yuan Guo Lu-Lu Chen Jun-Hao Guo Haifang Wang Surface Charge Affects the Intracellular Fate and Clearance Dynamics of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots in Macrophages Nanomaterials macrophages quantum dots surface charge cellular uptake exocytosis |
| title | Surface Charge Affects the Intracellular Fate and Clearance Dynamics of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots in Macrophages |
| title_full | Surface Charge Affects the Intracellular Fate and Clearance Dynamics of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots in Macrophages |
| title_fullStr | Surface Charge Affects the Intracellular Fate and Clearance Dynamics of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots in Macrophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surface Charge Affects the Intracellular Fate and Clearance Dynamics of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots in Macrophages |
| title_short | Surface Charge Affects the Intracellular Fate and Clearance Dynamics of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots in Macrophages |
| title_sort | surface charge affects the intracellular fate and clearance dynamics of cdse zns quantum dots in macrophages |
| topic | macrophages quantum dots surface charge cellular uptake exocytosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/15/1189 |
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