Evaluation of Withering Quality of Black Tea Based on Multi-Information Fusion Strategy

The intelligent perception of moisture content (MC) for tea leaves during the black tea withering process is an unsolved task because of the acquisition of limited sample characteristic information. In this study, both the external and internal features of withering samples were simultaneously acqui...

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Main Authors: Ting An, Yongwen Jiang, Hanting Zou, Xuan Xuan, Jian Zhang, Haibo Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Foods
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1442
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author Ting An
Yongwen Jiang
Hanting Zou
Xuan Xuan
Jian Zhang
Haibo Yuan
author_facet Ting An
Yongwen Jiang
Hanting Zou
Xuan Xuan
Jian Zhang
Haibo Yuan
author_sort Ting An
collection DOAJ
description The intelligent perception of moisture content (MC) for tea leaves during the black tea withering process is an unsolved task because of the acquisition of limited sample characteristic information. In this study, both the external and internal features of withering samples were simultaneously acquired based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and machine vision (MV) technology. Different data fusion strategies, including low-, middle- and high-level strategies, were employed to integrate two types of heterogeneous information. Subsequently, the different fused features were combined with a support vector regression (SVR) algorithm to establish the moisture perception models of withering leaves. The middle-level-variable iterative space shrinkage approach (VISSA) displayed the best performance with 5.7705 for the relative percent deviation (RPD). Therefore, the proposed multi-information fusion strategy could achieve an intelligent perception of tea leaves in the black tea withering process. The integration of NIRS and MV technology overcomes the limitations of single-technology approaches in black tea withering assessment, providing a robust methodology for precision processing and targeted quality control of black tea.
format Article
id doaj-art-21dc49dedb734d5eba345071bfff77f5
institution OA Journals
issn 2304-8158
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Foods
spelling doaj-art-21dc49dedb734d5eba345071bfff77f52025-08-20T01:50:45ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-04-01149144210.3390/foods14091442Evaluation of Withering Quality of Black Tea Based on Multi-Information Fusion StrategyTing An0Yongwen Jiang1Hanting Zou2Xuan Xuan3Jian Zhang4Haibo Yuan5National Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, ChinaSchool of Intelligent Manufacturing, Huzhou College, Huzhou 313000, ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, ChinaThe intelligent perception of moisture content (MC) for tea leaves during the black tea withering process is an unsolved task because of the acquisition of limited sample characteristic information. In this study, both the external and internal features of withering samples were simultaneously acquired based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and machine vision (MV) technology. Different data fusion strategies, including low-, middle- and high-level strategies, were employed to integrate two types of heterogeneous information. Subsequently, the different fused features were combined with a support vector regression (SVR) algorithm to establish the moisture perception models of withering leaves. The middle-level-variable iterative space shrinkage approach (VISSA) displayed the best performance with 5.7705 for the relative percent deviation (RPD). Therefore, the proposed multi-information fusion strategy could achieve an intelligent perception of tea leaves in the black tea withering process. The integration of NIRS and MV technology overcomes the limitations of single-technology approaches in black tea withering assessment, providing a robust methodology for precision processing and targeted quality control of black tea.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1442MVNIRSdata fusion strategymoisture contentblack tea withering
spellingShingle Ting An
Yongwen Jiang
Hanting Zou
Xuan Xuan
Jian Zhang
Haibo Yuan
Evaluation of Withering Quality of Black Tea Based on Multi-Information Fusion Strategy
Foods
MV
NIRS
data fusion strategy
moisture content
black tea withering
title Evaluation of Withering Quality of Black Tea Based on Multi-Information Fusion Strategy
title_full Evaluation of Withering Quality of Black Tea Based on Multi-Information Fusion Strategy
title_fullStr Evaluation of Withering Quality of Black Tea Based on Multi-Information Fusion Strategy
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Withering Quality of Black Tea Based on Multi-Information Fusion Strategy
title_short Evaluation of Withering Quality of Black Tea Based on Multi-Information Fusion Strategy
title_sort evaluation of withering quality of black tea based on multi information fusion strategy
topic MV
NIRS
data fusion strategy
moisture content
black tea withering
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1442
work_keys_str_mv AT tingan evaluationofwitheringqualityofblackteabasedonmultiinformationfusionstrategy
AT yongwenjiang evaluationofwitheringqualityofblackteabasedonmultiinformationfusionstrategy
AT hantingzou evaluationofwitheringqualityofblackteabasedonmultiinformationfusionstrategy
AT xuanxuan evaluationofwitheringqualityofblackteabasedonmultiinformationfusionstrategy
AT jianzhang evaluationofwitheringqualityofblackteabasedonmultiinformationfusionstrategy
AT haiboyuan evaluationofwitheringqualityofblackteabasedonmultiinformationfusionstrategy