Digital gait biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease: susceptibility/risk, progression, response to exercise, and prognosis

Abstract This narrative review examines the utility of gait digital biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease (PD) research and clinical trials across four contexts: disease susceptibility/risk, disease progression, response to exercise, and fall prediction. The review of the literature to date suggests tha...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Martina Mancini, Mitra Afshari, Quincy Almeida, Sommer Amundsen-Huffmaster, Katherine Balfany, Richard Camicioli, Cory Christiansen, Marian L. Dale, Leland E. Dibble, Gammon M. Earhart, Terry D. Ellis, Garett J. Griffith, Madeleine E. Hackney, Jammie Hopkins, Fay B. Horak, Kelvin E. Jones, Leah Ling, Joan A. O’Keefe, Kimberly Kwei, Genevieve Olivier, Ashwini K. Rao, Anjali Sivaramakrishnan, Daniel M. Corcos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:npj Parkinson's Disease
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00897-1
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850057549119750144
author Martina Mancini
Mitra Afshari
Quincy Almeida
Sommer Amundsen-Huffmaster
Katherine Balfany
Richard Camicioli
Cory Christiansen
Marian L. Dale
Leland E. Dibble
Gammon M. Earhart
Terry D. Ellis
Garett J. Griffith
Madeleine E. Hackney
Jammie Hopkins
Fay B. Horak
Kelvin E. Jones
Leah Ling
Joan A. O’Keefe
Kimberly Kwei
Genevieve Olivier
Ashwini K. Rao
Anjali Sivaramakrishnan
Daniel M. Corcos
author_facet Martina Mancini
Mitra Afshari
Quincy Almeida
Sommer Amundsen-Huffmaster
Katherine Balfany
Richard Camicioli
Cory Christiansen
Marian L. Dale
Leland E. Dibble
Gammon M. Earhart
Terry D. Ellis
Garett J. Griffith
Madeleine E. Hackney
Jammie Hopkins
Fay B. Horak
Kelvin E. Jones
Leah Ling
Joan A. O’Keefe
Kimberly Kwei
Genevieve Olivier
Ashwini K. Rao
Anjali Sivaramakrishnan
Daniel M. Corcos
author_sort Martina Mancini
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This narrative review examines the utility of gait digital biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease (PD) research and clinical trials across four contexts: disease susceptibility/risk, disease progression, response to exercise, and fall prediction. The review of the literature to date suggests that upper body characteristics of gait (e.g., arm swing, trunk motion) may indicate susceptibility/risk of PD, while pace aspects (e.g., gait speed, stride length) are informative for tracking disease progression, exercise response, and fall likelihood. Dynamic stability aspects (e.g., trunk regularity, double-support time) worsen with disease progression but can improve with exercise. Gait variability emerges as a sensitive biomarker across all 4 contexts but with low specificity. The lack of standardized gait testing protocols and the lack of a minimum set of quantified digital gait biomarkers limit data harmonization across studies. Future studies, using a commonly agreed upon protocol, could be used to demonstrate the utility of specific gait biomarkers for clinical practice.
format Article
id doaj-art-21d2f196287d4383bfbb6d9f39629518
institution DOAJ
issn 2373-8057
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Parkinson's Disease
spelling doaj-art-21d2f196287d4383bfbb6d9f396295182025-08-20T02:51:24ZengNature Portfolionpj Parkinson's Disease2373-80572025-03-0111111810.1038/s41531-025-00897-1Digital gait biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease: susceptibility/risk, progression, response to exercise, and prognosisMartina Mancini0Mitra Afshari1Quincy Almeida2Sommer Amundsen-Huffmaster3Katherine Balfany4Richard Camicioli5Cory Christiansen6Marian L. Dale7Leland E. Dibble8Gammon M. Earhart9Terry D. Ellis10Garett J. Griffith11Madeleine E. Hackney12Jammie Hopkins13Fay B. Horak14Kelvin E. Jones15Leah Ling16Joan A. O’Keefe17Kimberly Kwei18Genevieve Olivier19Ashwini K. Rao20Anjali Sivaramakrishnan21Daniel M. Corcos22Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science UniversityDepartment of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at ChicagoCarespace Health & WellnessDepartment of Neurology, University of MinnesotaDepartment of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of ColoradoDepartment of Medicine (Neurology) and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of AlbertaDepartment of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of ColoradoDepartment of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science UniversityDepartment of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of UtahProgram in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. LouisDepartment of Physical Therapy, Boston UniversityDepartment of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern UniversityEmory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and GerontologyDepartment of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of MedicineDepartment of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, & Recreation and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of AlbertaDepartment of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of UtahDepartments of Anatomy & Cell Biology and Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical CenterDepartment of Rehabilitation & Regenerative Medicine (Programs in Physical Therapy), and GH Sergievsky Center, Columbia UniversityDepartment of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of UtahDepartment of Rehabilitation & Regenerative Medicine (Programs in Physical Therapy), and GH Sergievsky Center, Columbia UniversityDepartment of Physical Therapy at the School of Health Professions at UT Health San AntonioDepartment of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern UniversityAbstract This narrative review examines the utility of gait digital biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease (PD) research and clinical trials across four contexts: disease susceptibility/risk, disease progression, response to exercise, and fall prediction. The review of the literature to date suggests that upper body characteristics of gait (e.g., arm swing, trunk motion) may indicate susceptibility/risk of PD, while pace aspects (e.g., gait speed, stride length) are informative for tracking disease progression, exercise response, and fall likelihood. Dynamic stability aspects (e.g., trunk regularity, double-support time) worsen with disease progression but can improve with exercise. Gait variability emerges as a sensitive biomarker across all 4 contexts but with low specificity. The lack of standardized gait testing protocols and the lack of a minimum set of quantified digital gait biomarkers limit data harmonization across studies. Future studies, using a commonly agreed upon protocol, could be used to demonstrate the utility of specific gait biomarkers for clinical practice.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00897-1
spellingShingle Martina Mancini
Mitra Afshari
Quincy Almeida
Sommer Amundsen-Huffmaster
Katherine Balfany
Richard Camicioli
Cory Christiansen
Marian L. Dale
Leland E. Dibble
Gammon M. Earhart
Terry D. Ellis
Garett J. Griffith
Madeleine E. Hackney
Jammie Hopkins
Fay B. Horak
Kelvin E. Jones
Leah Ling
Joan A. O’Keefe
Kimberly Kwei
Genevieve Olivier
Ashwini K. Rao
Anjali Sivaramakrishnan
Daniel M. Corcos
Digital gait biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease: susceptibility/risk, progression, response to exercise, and prognosis
npj Parkinson's Disease
title Digital gait biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease: susceptibility/risk, progression, response to exercise, and prognosis
title_full Digital gait biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease: susceptibility/risk, progression, response to exercise, and prognosis
title_fullStr Digital gait biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease: susceptibility/risk, progression, response to exercise, and prognosis
title_full_unstemmed Digital gait biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease: susceptibility/risk, progression, response to exercise, and prognosis
title_short Digital gait biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease: susceptibility/risk, progression, response to exercise, and prognosis
title_sort digital gait biomarkers in parkinson s disease susceptibility risk progression response to exercise and prognosis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-025-00897-1
work_keys_str_mv AT martinamancini digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT mitraafshari digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT quincyalmeida digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT sommeramundsenhuffmaster digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT katherinebalfany digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT richardcamicioli digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT corychristiansen digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT marianldale digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT lelandedibble digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT gammonmearhart digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT terrydellis digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT garettjgriffith digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT madeleineehackney digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT jammiehopkins digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT faybhorak digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT kelvinejones digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT leahling digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT joanaokeefe digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT kimberlykwei digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT genevieveolivier digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT ashwinikrao digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT anjalisivaramakrishnan digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis
AT danielmcorcos digitalgaitbiomarkersinparkinsonsdiseasesusceptibilityriskprogressionresponsetoexerciseandprognosis